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A STUDY OF SOME OF THE CHEMICALS KNOWN TO BE AT GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORPORATION (CHEMTURA) CENTRAL PLANT |
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US
EPA, Toxics Release Inventory 1987 through 2003, |
| Managers, corporate officials, and board directors of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation broke the law, routinely, for 40 years. This resulted in sickness and death for many uninformed human beings. Directors bought the company from themselves, and changed the name to “Chemtura.” |
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The table below is to identify each of the toxic chemicals reported as being onsite at the chemical plant next to camp. Each highlighted chemical name is a link to information about health effects. All of these health effects pages are still in a rough draft form. My goal is to turn each one of these health effects pages into something that can be easily read and used by Pathfinders who have been exposed to these toxic chemicals from the chemical plant next to camp. The chemical names with (strongly suspected) are those which I have good reason to strongly suspect as being on this site, but am still verifying.
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http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com Medical Encyclopedia Service of US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of HealthColumbia University College of P & S Complete Home Medical Guide |
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DE-60F
SPECIAL,DE -
71, CN1308 |
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FUEL OIL #6 |
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MOLECULAR SIEVE 4 ADG |
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FILTER AID |
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TRITON N101 SURFACTANT |
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PE - 68 |
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FR25, BC58 |
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PHOSFLEX 31P |
PHENYL CHLOROFORMATE |
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SODA ASH |
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DIATOMACEOUS EARTH - (FILTER AID) |
FR25, BC58 |
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CN 2444 |
SODIUM GLUCONATE |
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GP3000-CARPOL - (DE - 71) |
SODIUM SALT |
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SODIUM THIOCYNATE |
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IRON POWDER |
ZINC BORATE |
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BROMO 55/DIHALO |
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL |
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ZINC OXIDE |
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BC52, BC52HP, BC54 |
MAGNESOL - (DP - 45) |
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA |
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HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
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RB - 49 |
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REFOS - 35 |
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2,2',6,6'- |
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TETRABROMOPHTHALIC |
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BERYLLIUM |
ARSENIC |
SELENIUM |
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2-6-DIBROMOPHENOL |
2-4-DIBROMOPHENOL |
NICKEL |
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BIS(2-ETHYL
HEXYL) |
CHLORIDE |
IRON |
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MANGANESE |
SULFATE |
SODIUM |
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BARIUM |
CHROMIUM |
FLUORIDE |
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SILVER |
NITRATE (AS NITROGEN) |
MERCURY |
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ENDRIN |
LINDANE |
METHOXYCHLOR |
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TOXAPHENE |
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOZYACETIC ACID (2,4-D) |
2-(2,4, |
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HEXACHLOROETHANE |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
1,2,4 TRICHLOROBENZENE |
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BENZOIC ACID |
COLIFORM BACTERIA |
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RADIUM 226 |
RADIUM 228 |
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Other documented hazards of concern include: Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity |
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Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, El Dorado Air Division, $3,750 Penalty |
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| Great Lakes Chemical Corp., El Dorado Water Division, $2,500 penalty, SEP $3,500 | ||
| After doing the math in a letter from the EPA to Nick T. Macchiarolo Manager, Plant Engineering Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, you will find that the EPA found 720,000 times the MCL of EHTYLENE DIBROMIDE (EDB). I was told that this information was thrown out because speculation had been done on the type of landfill. Regardless of type of landfill, this is too much too close to camp. | ||
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On November 7, 1986, EPA published a final
rule (51 FR 40572) establishing the regulatory framework to implement the
land disposal restrictions program, including the procedures for
submitting case-bycase extension applications. On August 18, 1992, EPA published a final rule (57 FR 37194, 37252), establishing treatment standards under the land disposal restrictions (LDR) program for certain listed hazardous wastes, including the following:
This chemical plant was so out of control that they requested "an extension of the June 30, 1994, effective date of the RCRA land disposal restrictions (LDR) treatment standards applicable to wastewaters with the hazardous wastes codes K117, K118, K131, K132, and F039. to be granted such a request, the applicant must demonstrate, among other things, that there is insufficient capacity to manage its waste and that he has entered into a binding contractual commitment to construct or otherwise provide such capacity, but due to circumstances beyond its control, such capacity could not reasonably be made available by the effective date." During this time, they continued releasing toxic waste on our camp. |
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| 3rd Party Request Submitted by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Regulation Establishing Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Arkansas | ||
| Ambient air concns of bromobenzene were collected over a five day period (7/17/77 to 7/21/77) near Great Lakes Chemical Corp in El Dorodo, Arkansas. Twenty-one samples from five different locations were collected. Results showed that the levels of bromobenzene ranged from 5.3 ng/l (period 1, cycle 1, location 1) to 4,276 ng/l (period 3, cycle 1, location 3)(1). Ambient air concns of bromobenzene were collected over a two year period (1976 to 1977) near Great Lakes Chemical Corp in El Dorado, Arkansas. | ||
Ethyl bromide was
qualitatively detected in ambient air samples collected in the vicinity of
the organic bromine chemical manufacturing areas in El Dorado and
Magnolia, AR in 1977(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 12,285 workers are potentially exposed to ethyl bromide in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl bromide is produced or used(2). Since ethyl bromide has been detected in ambient air near bromine-chemical manufacturing facilities(3), populations living near manufacturing facilities may be exposed through inhalation(SRC).
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| Allyl bromide was detected in ambient air surrounding Great Lakes Corp. El Dorado, AR at concentrations of 8.4, trace, 8, 2.5 and 24.8 (water tower) ng/cu meter September 20, 1976 | ||
| In September of 1976, vinyl bromide was qualitatively identified in ambient air surrounding Great Lakes Corp in El Dorado, AR | ||
Composite samples of human
hair collected from barber shops in El Dorado and Magnolia, Arkansas
contained 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A at concentrations of up to 2 to
5 ug/kg(1).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 224 workers are potentially exposed to 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A may occur through inhalation of dusts and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound(SRC).
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Twenty-four hour samples of
ambient air on the plant property of two industrial bromine extraction and
bromo-organic synthesis facilities had concentrations of decabromobiphenyl
ether ranging from not detected to 72 ng/cu m and <13 to 25,000 ng/cu m
for the two facilities(1). Detected in air particulate matter collected
near the bromine industry in Magnolia and El Dorado, AK(2).
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BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE CASRN: 353-59-3 Manufacturers : Great
Lakes Chemical Corp, Hq, Hwy 52, North
West, PO Box 2200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, (317) 497-6100; Production
site: El Dorado, AR 71730 Bromochlorodifluoromethane's
production and use in fire extinguishers may result in its release to the
environment through various waste streams. However, the production of
bromochlorodifluoromethane has to be stopped in accordance with the
Montreal Protocol of 1987 as it plays an important role in the destruction
of the earth's ozone layer. If released to air, a vapor
pressure of 2.07X10+3 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates
bromochlorodifluoromethane will exist solely in the gas phase in the ambient
atmosphere. Gas
phase bromochlorodifluoromethane will slowly be degraded in the atmosphere
by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life
for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than 44 years.
Bromochlorodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm
and is not expected to photolyze at a significant rate in the ambient
atmosphere. Since bromochlorodifluoromethane exists as a gas, it is
expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist
soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an
estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.4X10-2 atm-cu m/mole.
Bromochlorodifluoromethane will volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces
since it exists as a gas in the ambient environment. If
released into water, bromochlorodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb
to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.
Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate
process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant.
Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake
are 1.3 hrs and 5.1 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5.8 suggests
the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Given its
high degree of halogenation, it is not expected to be an important
degradation pathway for bromochlorodifluoromethane. Occupational exposure
to bromochlorodifluoromethane may occur through inhalation of this
compound at workplaces where bromochlorodifluoromethane is produced or
used. The general population may be exposed to bromochlorodifluoromethane
via inhalation of ambient air and use of
portable fire extinguisher products containing bromochlorodifluoromethane.
Bromochlorodifluoromethane is widely detected in the atmosphere. Occupational exposure to bromochlorodifluoromethane may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where bromochlorodifluoromethane is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to bromochlorodifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(1,2) and use of fire extinguisher products(2) containing bromochlorodifluoromethane. However, the production of bromodichlorofluoromethane has to be stopped in accordance with the Montreal Protocol as it plays an important role in the destruction of the earth's ozone layer. |
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CHLOROTRIFLUOROMETHANE CASRN: 75-72-9 Manufacturers : Great
Lakes
Chemical Corp., One Great Lakes
Blvd., P.O. Box 2200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, (317)497-6100; Production
site: El Dorado, AR 71731-7020 Chlorotrifluoromethane's
production and use as a refrigerant or as an azeotrope with
trifluoromethane for very low temperature applications may lead to its
release to the environment through various waste streams. Based on a
measured vapor pressure of 2.14X10+4 mm Hg at 25 deg C,
chlorotrifluoromethane is expected to exist solely in the vapor-phase in
the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase
chlorotrifluoromethane is extremely stable in the troposphere.
The
half-life for the reaction of this compound with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals is about 63 years.
This compound will gradually diffuse
into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade
due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the
catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone.
The half-life for this reaction
has been estimated to range from 180 to 450 years.
Chlorotrifluoromethane
is expected to have moderate mobility in soils based upon an estimated Koc
value of 188. This compound is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry
soil surfaces based on its vapor pressure. Volatilization from moist soil
surfaces is expected based upon the Henry's Law constant of 1.38 atm-cu
m/mole. Biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental
fate process. In water, chlorotrifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb
to sediment or particulate matter given its estimated Koc value. This
compound is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces given its
Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model
river and model lake are 3 and 97 hours, respectively.
Bioconcentration is expected to be low based upon an estimated BCF value
of 10. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact
with this compound at workplaces where chlorotrifluoromethane is produced
or used. The general population is exposed to chlorotrifluoromethane
through inhalation of ambient air. (SRC) NIOSH (NOES Survey
1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,204 workers (188 of these
are female) are potentially exposed to chlorotrifluoromethane in the
US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact
with this compound at workplaces where chlorotrifluoromethane is produced
or used(SRC). The general population will be exposed to
chlorotrifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(SRC). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorotrifluoromethane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 2.14X10+4 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorotrifluoromethane is slowly degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 62 years(3,SRC). This compound will gradually diffuse into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone(4,SRC). The half-life for this reaction has been estimated to range from 180 to 450 years. |
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| 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was detected at a median and maximum concentration of 6.1 and 1,100 parts per trillion(1), respectively, in three source areas: Edison, NJ; El Dorado, AK; and Magnolia, AK (74 samples). 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was not found in three routine EPA field ambient air monitoring samples(2). | ||
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1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE CASRN: 96-12-8 Atmospheric Concentrations : Magnolia, AK: 1,688 to 6,653 ng/cu m, 7/77 to 8/77; El Dorado, AK: not detected to 1.87 ng/cu m(1). 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane was detected in 3 samples of source-dominated air at an average daily concentration of 0.001 ppbv |
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| Source-dominated air samples contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at a median concentration of 2 parts/trillion(1). Air samples collected from a geographic area associated with the bromine industry in Arkansas contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(2). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Ethyl Corporation, Magnolia, AK in July 1977 ranged from trace levels to 1,688 ng/cu m(3). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Great Lakes Corporation and the Michigan Chemical Corporation in El Dorado, AK in July 1977 ranged from not detected to trace levels and trace to 63 ng/cu m, respectively. | ||
| In 1979, environmental samples (number unknown) were collected off site of bromine industry plants near El Dorado and Magnolia, Arkansas. Unreported concentrations of bromobenzene were identified in the soil and sediment. | ||
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RE:
Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Docket No. 96-003-NOV Gentlemen: This is to advise you that a Stipultion and Settlement Agreement in the above-referenced docket was filed with the Commission on December 26, 1996. Pursuant to Commission Regulation No. 8, Section 2.5.15, this appeal has been withdrawn and no further action is required by the parties or the Administrative Hearing Officer in order to close this file. Therefore, this docket is officially closed. However, the docket may be reopened if the Commission initiates a review of the settlement or if a petition to set aside the settlement is granted by the Commission. Click for more |
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| James | ||
| Who still makes tetraethyl lead (TEL)? On July 16, 1997, the company's Board of Directors approved a plan to spin off its petroleum additives business, establishing a new independently traded public company (Octel). The company created by the spin-off will consist of the company's tetraethyl lead antiknock compounds business and its non-lead petroleum additives businesses." – Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, 10-Q Report, filed with the SEC on 14 November 1997 REF | ||
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http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/bromine/130497.pdf On November 3, 1995, Great Lakes filed an application with the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission to establish a third brine production unit consisting of 24,000 hectares (60,000 acres). Under Arkansas law, the company can form a unit if it owns 75% of the mining rights to the brine. The unitization of the brine field was upheld by the U.S. District Court in 1997. In July Great Lakes announced a plan to spin off its petroleum additives business. The independent company created by the spinoff will consist of Octel Associates and Octel America. Octel is the largest producer worldwide of tetraethyl lead antiknock compounds, which use bromine as a "scavenger." In July...... |
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Who
still makes tetraethyl lead ? Lead pollution. Optional: Who still makes tetraethyl lead (TEL)? Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. From Great Lakes Chemical Corporation's ... http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/courses/geog100/Lead-GtLakesChem.htm More Results From: www.uwsp.edu |
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http://www.corpwatch.org/issues/PID.jsp?articleid=904 As leaded gasoline began to be phased out and then banned in many countries, Great Lakes developed international markets for its deadly product. Indeed, today, the only remaining private sector corporation producing and marketing TEL is Great Lakes' subsidiary, Associated Octel.[6] In fact, financial analysts estimate that in 1995, TEL accounted for nearly half of all Great Lakes' profits.[7] With leaded gasoline on its way out in the U.S. in the 1960s, Great Lakes decided to use EDB domestically as a pesticide. Indeed, EDB became Great Lakes' main U.S. product in the 1960s and 1970s.[9] While EDB was used in grain storage silos and applied directly to crops, concerns grew about its toxic impacts. In 1983, the US Environmental Protection Agency banned EDB as a pesticide, finding that it posed an unacceptable cancer risk. As cake mixes, breads and cereals containing EDB residues were recalled from supermarkets, Emerson Kampen, Great Lakes President at the time, blamed the press. "It was the media that created the problem" he told reporters, "a great product has been taken off the market."[10] |
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The Pathfinders Camp was established in 1956. Great Lakes Chemical Corporation purchased some land next to the camp in 1965. There were approximately 800 Pathfinders exposed to toxic chemicals released from the Great Lakes Chemical Plant between 1965 and 1988. My father lived at the camp at least 3/4 of each year between 1986 and 1995. When I took him to the camp the last time in 1995, he was so beat up by these toxic chemicals that he could no longer take care of him self. The last five years of my father's life, between 1995 and 2000, were full of suffering from the effects of these toxic chemicals. If only my father had known what the Great Lakes Chemical Plant was putting on the Pathfinders Camp.... |