METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
CASRN: 108-10-1
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~AAA96aWbt:1
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
... The sensory threshold of MIBK /was studied/ in 12 men and women
subjected to various concentrations of MIBK for 15-minute periods. Vapor
pressure data were used to calculate the quantity of vapors added from
saturators maintained at constant temperature. The highest concentration
that most subjects evaluated as satisfactory for 8 hr continuous exposure
was 100 ppm. The MIBK odor was objectionable and the vapor was irritating
to the eyes at 200 ppm.
Exposure to 50-105 ppm for 15-30 min provoked gastrointestinal
disturbances and central nervous system impairment in a few workers. /Ketones/
One group of workers exposed to 100 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone
developed headache and nausea, whereas another group complained only of
respiratory tract irritation. Tolerance to methyl isobutyl ketone seemed
to develop during the work week but was lost over the weekend and most of
these effects were not seen at 20 ppm.
Possible exposure to organic solvents in the manufacture of athletic
equipment at /manufacturer facility in/ Leesburg, Florida was
investigated. The study was requested by employees and was conducted on
February 17-18, 1982. The facility employs about 120 workers.
Environmental sampling and employee interviews were conducted. Two dip
room workers were overexposed to total solvant vapor mixtures. These
mixtures were composed of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at concentrations of
720 and 580 mg/cu m (NIOSH standard: 590 mg/cu m); toluene at
concentrations of 230 and 130 mg/cu m (below NIOSH standard); and methyl
isobutyl ketone (MIBK) at concentrations of 110 and 60 mg/cu m (also below
NIOSH standard). All 32 workers interviewed reported at least one work
related symptom. Complaints included dryness, itching and skin irritation,
eye irritation, headaches, and dizziness. /Results of the study conclude
that dip room workers/ were exposed to a health hazard from mixutures of
MEK, MIBK, and toluene. The /study recommends/ that until the dip room
process can become fully automated, workers must strictly observe the
respirator program.
Worker exposures to epoxy resins, curing agents, and other chemicals
were investigated in April, June, July and September, 1982, and May 1983
at Bowing Vertol Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The evaluation was
requested by Local 1069, United Auto Workers, on behalf of about 4600
workers concerned about skin problems and a potential cancer risk. Air
samples were collected for dust, methylenedianiline (MDA), ethylenediamine
(EDA), methylisobutyl ketone (MBK), toluene, cyclohexanone, and butyl
glycidyl ether (BGE). Medical interviews were conducted with 20 exposed
and 20 unexposed workers, and skin examinations were completed. A
proportional mortality ratio study for cancer was also completed for
workers who died between 1968 and 1980. Concentrations of BGE, dust, MBK,
and toluene were below respective OSHA tandards of 270, 15, 410, and 750
mg/cu m. No EDA or cyclohexanone was detected. MDA concentrations ranged
up to 0.46 mg/cu m, below the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value of 0.8 mg/cu m. Twice as many
exposed as unexposed workers reported skin problems such as redness,
itching, and cracking. The problems were reportedly exacerbated by hot
weather and continued use of epoxy materials. An excess rate of cancer of
the bladder was identified for workers expsed to epoxy resins and amine
hardeners. /Data suggests/ that exposures to epoxy resins and amine
hardeners present a health risk for skin problems. MDA is a suspected
carcinogen and may be responsible for the high incidence of bladder
cancer. Improved ventilation, use of protective clothing and equipment,
and further evaluation of the MDA cancer association /was recommended/.
Irritative effects and CNS symptoms of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)
were studied in human volunteers during inhalation exposure. The
volunteers were exposed (2 hr, 50 W) in an exposure chamber on four
different occasions to about 10, 100 and 200 mg/cu m MIBK and to a
combination of about 100 mg/cu m MIBK and 150 mg/cu m toluene. Irritative
and CNS symptoms occurred during exposure. The degree of both irritative
and CNS symptoms increased during exposure to 100 and 200 mg/cu m compared
with 10 mg/cu m, but combination exposure with toluene exhibited the most
pronounced effect. There were no significant effects from exposure on the
performance of a simple reaction time task or a test of mental arithmetic.
After an 8 month period of sniffing a lacquer thinner containing
toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), Isopropyl alcohol,
and butyl acetate in a plastic bag in which solvent concentrations were
12,000 ppm toluene, 11,500 ppm ethyl acetate, 6,000 ppm isopropyl alcohol,
and 2,000 ppm MIBK, cerebral dysfunction was evidenced by blurred vision,
dysarthria, nystagmus, slight intention tremor, staggering gait and an
abnormal electroencephalogram. Inhalation of relatively high
concentrations of toluene apprears to result in impairment of the vermis
followed by the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebrum. These effects are
important in connection with the occupational use of toluene containing
solvents.
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
The MIBK odor was objectionable and the vapor was irritating to the
eyes at 200 ppm.
... /AT 100 PPM/ METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE MAY IRRITATE EYES OF MORE
SENSITIVE PERSON.
Vapors cause irritation of ... nose ... .
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
The most likely exposures ... in the workplace are by inhalation of the
vapors and by skin and eye contact.
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 467,763
workers (82,337 of these are female) are potentially exposed to MIBK in
the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal
contact with this compound at workplaces where MIBK is produced or
used(SRC). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the breathing zones in 1
of 11 automobile paint shops in Spain at a concn of 29.9 mg/cu m(2).
concns of 0.5-58 ppm were detected in the breathing zones at 47 paint
manufacturing and finishing shops across the US(3). Methyl isobutylketone
was identified, not quantified, in 89 automobile paint shops in South
Africa(4). Methyl isobutylketone was detected in 4 of 70 spray paint shops
in Australia at an average concn of 6.8 mg/cu m(5). The general population
will be exposed to MIBK primarily through the use of commercially
available products containing this compound such as paints, adhesives,
pesticides (pyrethrins and pyrethroids) and rubber cement(6,7,SRC).
Exposure may also arise from inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of
drinking water, and food that contains MIBK(SRC).
Body Burden:
Methyl isobutyl ketone has been identified in the expired air from a
non-smoking heterogenous study population(1).
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
For immediate first aid: ensure that adequate decontamination has been
carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration,
preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or
pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush
contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If
vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down
position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration.
Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical
attention. /Ketones and related compounds/
For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary.
Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if
necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.
Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary. ... For contamination,
flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with
normal saline during transport. ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion,
rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if
the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool.
Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
... Guinea pigs /were exposed/ to concn of 1000, 16,800, & 28,000
ppm methyl isobutyl ketone. The 1000 ppm level caused little or no
irritation of eyes & nose of the animals. Guinea pigs showed a decr
respiratory rate during the first 6 hr of exposure ... attributed to a low
grade ... /central nervous system depression/. The 16,800 ppm level caused
immediate signs of eye & nose irritation followed by salivation,
lacrimation, ataxia, & death. Nine of 10 ... died within 6 hr of
exposure. The highest concn used (28,000 ppm) killed 50 percent of the
animals within 45 min. Only a few guinea pigs survived 60 min of exposure.
... Fatty livers & congestion of the brain, lungs and spleen were
noted.
Undiluted ... methyl isobutyl ketone (0.1 ml) produced some irritation
within 10 min when instilled in the rabbit eye. Inflammation &
swelling occurred in 8 hr, & inflammation, swelling, and exudate were
present at 24 hr. A single application ... to the skin of rabbits produced
only transient erythema, but daily applications of 10 ml for 7 days caused
drying & flaking of the skin. ... 500 mg ... produced moderate
irritation of rabbit skin after 24 hr.
Exposure to 19,500 ppm ... methyl isobutyl ketone produced anesthesia
in 7 of 10 mice within 30 min. ... Concn above 20,000 ppm produced
anesthesia within 30 min with subsequent death of most of the animals.
Gross examination at necropsy revealed congestion of the lungs.
... Rats exposed to 25 ppm ... methyl isobutyl ketone showed a minimal
statistical increase in pressor lever response, but the discriminatory
behavior of baboons was not impaired by exposures of 20-40 ppm. ...
Reported delayed behavioral response times in baboons exposed to 50 ppm of
methyl isobutyl ketone alone, but no alteration of response was seen when
methyl isobutyl ketone was combined with methyl ethyl ketone (100 ppm).
... Reported subtle behavior alterations in rats exposed to 100 ppm methyl
isobutyl ketone continuously for 2 wk. Kidney and liver wt & the
organ/body wt ratios were also incr after exposure to 200 ppm for 2 wk and
to 100 ppm for 90 days. ... Kidney damage at 2 wk after 100 ppm
/described/ as droplet tubular nephrosis. This damage was reversible, even
after 90 days of exposure. ...
A 90 day continuous inhalation study using Rhesus monkeys, dogs, and
rats exposed at 100 ppm of MIBK produced no significant changes in
clinical parameters or hematology; rat liver and kidney weights increased.
All exposed rats showed hyaline droplet degeneration of the proximal renal
tubules with occasional focal tubular necrosis. The tubular damage was
considered transient and reversible.
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE (98.79%) FAILED TO PRODUCE DETECTABLE NERVOUS
SYSTEM DAMAGE IN CATS SC INJECTED TWICE/WK, 5 DAYS/WK FOR 8.5 MO.
When given orally to mice and rats, the lethal doses of methyl isobutyl
ketone were 2.85 and 4.6 g/kg, respectively. Exposure of rats to solvent
at 86-127 mg/cu m 4 hr daily for 4.5 months caused disturbances in the
conditioned reflexes and in the detoxifying function of the liver; a decr
of the eosinophil count in the blood was also observed.
Rats, dogs, and monkeys were exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone vapor
(410 mg/cu m). Rats developed hyaline droplet nephrosis within 2 wk of
exposure, but this was reversed by removal from the methyl isobutyl ketone,
even after a 90 day exposure. The 60 min emergency exposure limit of 100
ppm and the 90 and 100 day provisional limits had a wide margin of safety.
Rat kidney wt and kidney/body wt ratio were significantly incr after
continuous exposure of the rats to 410 mg methyl isobutyl ketone/cu m for
2 wk, and kidney and liver organ wt and organ/body wt ratio were incr
after exposure to 820 mg/cu m for 2 wk and to 410 mg/cu m for 90 days.
Lesions from exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone were found only in the
rat, and were limited to the first and second sections of the proximal
convoluted tubule of the nephron of the kidney. The lesion was designated
hyaline droplet toxic tubular nephrosis, and the lesion was present at 14
days of exposure and continued with a variable decr in severity throughout
the exposure.
Methyl isobutyl ketone was evaluated for effects on a delayed
match-to-sample discrimination task in the juvenile baboon. The animals
were exposed to 1/2 the threshold limit value of each gas for 24 hr per
day during a 7 day period. Each exposure condition affected accuracy of
performance minimally but resulted in incr and decr extra responses during
the delay intervals. Response times were slowed under methyl isobutyl
ketone.
A decr in respiratory rate and a decr in duration of immobility
occurred in mice during and following short-term inhalation exposures to
some commonly used aliphatic ketones. Linear concn effect relationships
were obtained that allowed 2 different median active levels (MALs) to be
calculated. Median active levels that produced a 50% decr in immobility
were determined for methyl isobutyl ketone. The systematic determination
of median active levels permits classification of ketones in terms of
their relative potencies for eliciting a given effect.
Six male and six female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed
to 0, 100, 500, and 2000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone. The animals were
exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone vapor for 6 hr/day for 5 days with 2
days off and exposure for 4 more consecutive days. No deaths occurred in
the animals during this study. Absolute and relative liver weight (p<
0.01) and absolute (p< 0.05) and relative (p< 0.01) kidney weight of
male rats increased significantly after exposure to 2000 ppm. In female
mice exposed to 2000 ppm, there was a significant (p< 0.05) increase in
absolute and relative (p< 0.01) liver weight and absolute kidney
weight. An increased incidence of hyaline droplets and epithelial
regeneration in proximal tubules was noted in male rats exposed to 2000
ppm. No other histological changes were noted. In a subchronic study,
animals were exposed to 0, 50, 250, or 1000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone 6
hr/day, 5 days/wk for 14 wk. Body weights of rats and mice were similar to
the controls throughout the 14 wk. In male rats the absolute and relative
liver weights after exposure to 1000 ppm were significantly (p< 0.001)
larger than the controls. In female rats absolute, but not relative,
kidney weight was increased by exposure to 250 ppm. A statistically
significant (p< 0.01) increase in absolute liver weight in male mice
exposed to 250 or 1000 ppm, and an increase in relative liver weight in
males exposed to 1000 ppm /were noted/. After exposure to 1000 ppm methyl
isobutyl ketone, male rat platelet numbers increased significantly (p<
0.01) whereas eosinophils decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in female
rats. Serum cholesterol increased significantly (p< 0.01) in male rats
exposed to 250 or 1000 ppm. An increase in urine glucose was observed in
male and female rats exposed to 1000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone.
Histopathologic observation showed an increase in hyaline droplets in the
kidneys of male rats exposed to 250 and 1000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone.
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK) ... /was/ tested for potential
genotoxicity. The assays ... of MiBK included the Salmonella/microsome
(Ames) assay, L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, BALB/3T3 cell
transformation assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, and micronucleus
assay. ... The presence of a marginal response only at the highest
cytotoxic concentration tested in the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay,
the lack of reproducibility in the BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay, and
clearly negative results in the Ames assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis and
micronucleus assays, suggest that MiBK is unlikely to be genotoxic in
mammalian systems.
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 2.08 g/kg
Ecotoxicity Values:
LD50 Angelaius phoeniceus (Redwinged blackbird) oral 100 mg/kg
LC50 Carassius auratus (goldfish) 460 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 505 mg/l 96 hr flow-through
bioassay, wt 0.12 g, water hardness 45.5 mg/l CaCO3, temp: 25 + or - 1 deg
C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen greater than 60% of saturation
EC50 photobacterium 80 mg/l 5 min /OECD209 closed system inhibition/
EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum (algae) 400 mg/l 96-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae) 980 mg/l 48-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
LC50 Daphnia magna (water flea) 240; 4,300 mg/l 24-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
EC50 Daphnia magna (water flea) 170; >1,000 mg/l 48-hr /Conditions
of bioassay not specified/
EC50 Daphnia magna (water flea) 1,550; 3,682; 4,280 mg/l 24-hr
/Conditions of bioassays not specified/
EC100 Daphnia magna (water flea) 5,000 mg/l 24-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
LC50 Artemia salina (brine shrimp) 862; 1,230; 1,250 mg/l 24-hr
/Conditions of bioassays not specified/
LC50 Goldfish 460 mg/l 24-hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (fish) 675-890 mg/l 48-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
LC50 Salmo gairdneri (fish) 600 mg/l 96-hr /Conditions of bioassay not
specified/
LC50 Pimephales promelas (fish) 505-540 mg/l 96-hr /Conditions of
bioassay not specified/
Ongoing Test Status:
The NTP Toxicology Research and Testing Program releases a Management
Status Report on a quarterly basis. This report gives the status of
chemicals studied, under study, or proposed for study by NTP. The
07/11/2001 issue indicates that two year study is in progress for methyl
isobutyl ketone. Route: inhalation; Species: rats and mice.
TSCA Test Submissions:
The ability of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to induce morphological
transformation in the BALB/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay)
in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced
rat liver S9 fraction was evaluated. Based on preliminary clonal toxicity
determinations (exposure time=2 hrs), MIBK was tested at 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8
ul/ml in the absence of activation (cell survival ranging from 86.7-51.1%,
and at 1, and 4 ul/ml in the presence of activation (cell survival ranging
from 83.7-65.3%). MIBK in the absence of added metabolic activation
induced a statistically significant increase in transformation when
compared with controls, whereas MIBK in the presence of activation was
negative in this test. In repeat tests, MIBK was tested at 7, 6, 5 and 4
ul/ml in the absence of added activation and at 5, 4, 3 and 2 ul/ml in the
presence of activation. Repeat test results were negative in both cases.
The results of the first tests were not reproducible.
An inhalation teratology study was conducted with pregnant Fischer 344
rats and CD-1 mice receiving whole body exposures to methyl isobutyl
ketone at a nominal concentration of 0, 300, 1000 or 3000 ppm. At each
concentration, 35 rats and 30 mice were exposed for 6hrs/day on days 6-15
of gestation. Increases in mortality, gross pathology, or uterine
implantation rates were not observed at any dose in rats. In 3000 ppm
group rats, maternal toxicity was evident by statistical differences in:
mean body weight, body weight gain, food consumption values and kidney
weights. Increases in body weight, gross pathology or uterine implantation
rates were not observed at any dose in mice. In 3000 ppm mice, maternal
toxicity was evident by statistical differences in: mortality (3000ppm
group, 3 deaths out of 25 compared to control group, 0 deaths) and
absolute and relative liver weights. Fetal toxicity was indicated by
reduced fetal body weights (3000 ppm & 300 ppm group rats and 3000 ppm
group mice) and number of dead fetuses (3000 ppm group mice) relative to
controls. The predominant malformations observed were skeletal (3000 ppm
group, rats and mice) and visceral (3000 ppm group, mice). No
statistically significant differences between control and treatment groups
were found for any of the fetal external, visceral or skeletal parameters.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
... METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE ... /WAS/ METABOLIZED IN GUINEA PIG BY
OMEGA-1 OXIDATION TO ... /4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL, 2-PENTANONE, & IT IS NOT
NEUROTOXIC/ ... DUE PRESUMABLY TO LACK OF FORMATION OF 2,5-DIKETONE.
GUINEA PIGS WERE GIVEN SINGLE 450 MG/KG (IP) DOSES OF METHYL N-BUTYL
KETONE WHICH WAS METAB TO METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE (MIBK) & OTHER
METABOLITES. METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE WAS CONVERTED TO
4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-PENTANONE & 4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
Ketones are readily absorbed through the intact skin. Usually they are
rapidly excreted ... in the expired air. /Ketones/
The toxicokinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone ... /was/ studied in human
volunteers during inhalation exposure. The volunteers were exposed (2 hr,
50 W) in an exposure chamber on four different occasions to about 10, 100
and 200 mg/cu m MIBK and to a combination of about 100 mg/cu m MIBK and
150 mg/cu m toluene. The relative pulmonary uptake of MIBK was about 60%
and the total uptake increased linearly with increasing exposure
concentration. The concentration of MIBK in blood rose rapidly after the
onset of exposure and no plateau level was reached during exposure. No
tendency for saturation kinetics could be observed within the dose
interval and the apparent blood clearance was 1.61/hr/kg at all exposure
levels. The concentration of unchanged MIBK in the urine after exposure
was proportional with the total uptake. Only 0.04% of the total MIBK dose
was eliminated unchanged via the kidneys within 3 hr post exposure. The
concn of the metabolites 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and 4-methyl-2-pentanol
were below the detection limit (5 nmol/1).
Biological Half-Life:
IN GUINEA PIGS SERUM HALF-LIVES & CLEARANCE TIMES FOR METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE WAS 66 MIN & 6 HR RESPECTIVELY.
Interactions:
An experiment /was conducted/ to investigate the mechanism of methyl
isobutyl ketone synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity ... The results
suggest that the synergistic action of methyl isobutyl ketone on n-hexane
neurotoxicity may be related to its ability to induce liver microsomal
cytochrome p450, resulting in increased metabolic activation of n-hexane
to more potent neurotoxic metabolites.
The potentiating properties of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ... on the
acute cholestatic response induced by taurolithocholate (TLC) were
investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were pretreated with
3.75 to 15.0 nmol ... by gavage administration daily for 3 or 7 days.
Intravenous injections of taurolithocholate were 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25
mg/kg. Bile was collected over 15 or 30 minute periods to measure bile
flow. Daily ketone pretreatment resulted in an enhancement of the
diminution in bile flow observed after taurolithocholate challenge. When
the ... /ketone was/ administered without taurolithocholate chellenge,
cholestasis was not observed. Slight increases in bile flow did occur.
Pharmacological and metabolic ... /interaction between methyl isobutyl
ketone/ ... and ethanol ... /was/ explored in male
Charles-River-CD-1-mice. The animals were exposed to ... methyl isobutyl
ketone (MiBK) at 2.5 and 5 mmol/kg, ip. ... All mice were injected ip with
4 g ethanol/kg at 30 min after pretreatment. The duration of ethanol
induced loss of righting reflex was prolonged significantly by ... /MiBK
at 5 mmol per kg/. As the dose of solvent increased, the prolongation also
increased. Similar concentrations of ethanol were found in the blood and
brain on the return of the righting reflex in both solvent treated and
control animals. ... The activity of mouse liver alcohol-dehydrogenase in
vitro was reduced /by MiBK/ . ... /Data suggests/ that the solvents
enhanced the loss of righting reflex caused by ethanol exposure by
reducing the rate at which ethanol was eliminated from the body.
The potentiating properties of two metablites of methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4MPOL)
and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone (4-OHMIBK), on the acute cholestatic
response induced by manganese (Mn) alone or in combination with bilirubin
(Mn/BR) were studied in the rat. Male Sprague-Dwley-rats were catheterized
in the common bile duct and in a femoral vein. Bile flow was expressed as
a percentage of the flow in control animals. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol
or 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone 1.88 to 15 mmol/kg, was
dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage, either as a single
treatment or once a day for 3 days. Manganese 4.5 or 6.0 mg/kg as the
sulfate, was injected iv 18 hr later. In experiments using manganese/bilirubin,
bilirubin, 15 mg/kg, was injected iv 15 min after the manganese injection.
Administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol or
4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone alone caused an observable increase in
bile flow. Administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol
or 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone 18 hr before a single
dose cholestatic challenge enhanced the cholestatic effect of manganese/bilirubin
in a dose related fashion. After repetitive administration of
4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone a significant reduction in bile flow was
observed with either dosage for 15 to 135 minutes. After repetitive
administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol the
difference was found only with the lower dosage of Mn and only at 15
minutes after its administration. /Results indicate/ that MIBK and its two
major metabolites enhance the cholestasis following administration of
manganese/bilirubin, manganese. The results are important because they
illustrate that cholestasis can be enhanced by ketone compounds or
ketogenic substances.
Potentiation of haloalkane hepatotoxicity by ketones and ketogenic
agents is a well known phenomenon. The importance of the CCl4 dosage in
these combinations, however, has not been explored. Its influence was
investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Dose-effect curves for
potentiation were generated using 1,3-butanediol, methyl n-butyl ketone or
methyl isobutyl ketone as potentiation agents. Animals were orally treated
with these compounds prior to a challenge of CCl4 (0 to 0.5 ml/kg, ip).
Liver injury was assessed by monitoring plasma alanine-aminotransferase
activity and bilirubin concentrations after CCl4 treatment. The minimal
effective dosage (MED) for each potentiator was used as the criterion of
comparison for each combination. The minimal effective dosage values were
determined from the plasma alanine-aminotransferase data. Results showed
that when the CCl4 dosage was increased from 0.01 to 0.10 ml/kg, the
minimal effective dosage of each potentiator decreased ten-fold. ...
Pharmacology:
Interactions:
An experiment /was conducted/ to investigate the mechanism of methyl
isobutyl ketone synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity ... The results
suggest that the synergistic action of methyl isobutyl ketone on n-hexane
neurotoxicity may be related to its ability to induce liver microsomal
cytochrome p450, resulting in increased metabolic activation of n-hexane
to more potent neurotoxic metabolites.
The potentiating properties of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ... on the
acute cholestatic response induced by taurolithocholate (TLC) were
investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were pretreated with
3.75 to 15.0 nmol ... by gavage administration daily for 3 or 7 days.
Intravenous injections of taurolithocholate were 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25
mg/kg. Bile was collected over 15 or 30 minute periods to measure bile
flow. Daily ketone pretreatment resulted in an enhancement of the
diminution in bile flow observed after taurolithocholate challenge. When
the ... /ketone was/ administered without taurolithocholate chellenge,
cholestasis was not observed. Slight increases in bile flow did occur.
Pharmacological and metabolic ... /interaction between methyl isobutyl
ketone/ ... and ethanol ... /was/ explored in male
Charles-River-CD-1-mice. The animals were exposed to ... methyl isobutyl
ketone (MiBK) at 2.5 and 5 mmol/kg, ip. ... All mice were injected ip with
4 g ethanol/kg at 30 min after pretreatment. The duration of ethanol
induced loss of righting reflex was prolonged significantly by ... /MiBK
at 5 mmol per kg/. As the dose of solvent increased, the prolongation also
increased. Similar concentrations of ethanol were found in the blood and
brain on the return of the righting reflex in both solvent treated and
control animals. ... The activity of mouse liver alcohol-dehydrogenase in
vitro was reduced /by MiBK/ . ... /Data suggests/ that the solvents
enhanced the loss of righting reflex caused by ethanol exposure by
reducing the rate at which ethanol was eliminated from the body.
The potentiating properties of two metablites of methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4MPOL)
and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone (4-OHMIBK), on the acute cholestatic
response induced by manganese (Mn) alone or in combination with bilirubin
(Mn/BR) were studied in the rat. Male Sprague-Dwley-rats were catheterized
in the common bile duct and in a femoral vein. Bile flow was expressed as
a percentage of the flow in control animals. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol
or 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone 1.88 to 15 mmol/kg, was
dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage, either as a single
treatment or once a day for 3 days. Manganese 4.5 or 6.0 mg/kg as the
sulfate, was injected iv 18 hr later. In experiments using manganese/bilirubin,
bilirubin, 15 mg/kg, was injected iv 15 min after the manganese injection.
Administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol or
4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone alone caused an observable increase in
bile flow. Administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol
or 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone 18 hr before a single
dose cholestatic challenge enhanced the cholestatic effect of manganese/bilirubin
in a dose related fashion. After repetitive administration of
4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone a significant reduction in bile flow was
observed with either dosage for 15 to 135 minutes. After repetitive
administration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol the
difference was found only with the lower dosage of Mn and only at 15
minutes after its administration. /Results indicate/ that MIBK and its two
major metabolites enhance the cholestasis following administration of
manganese/bilirubin, manganese. The results are important because they
illustrate that cholestasis can be enhanced by ketone compounds or
ketogenic substances.
Potentiation of haloalkane hepatotoxicity by ketones and ketogenic
agents is a well known phenomenon. The importance of the CCl4 dosage in
these combinations, however, has not been explored. Its influence was
investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Dose-effect curves for
potentiation were generated using 1,3-butanediol, methyl n-butyl ketone or
methyl isobutyl ketone as potentiation agents. Animals were orally treated
with these compounds prior to a challenge of CCl4 (0 to 0.5 ml/kg, ip).
Liver injury was assessed by monitoring plasma alanine-aminotransferase
activity and bilirubin concentrations after CCl4 treatment. The minimal
effective dosage (MED) for each potentiator was used as the criterion of
comparison for each combination. The minimal effective dosage values were
determined from the plasma alanine-aminotransferase data. Results showed
that when the CCl4 dosage was increased from 0.01 to 0.10 ml/kg, the
minimal effective dosage of each potentiator decreased ten-fold. ...
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
Methyl isobutyl ketone's (MIBK) production and use as a solvent for
vinyl, epoxy, acrylic, and natural resins and as a solvent for
nitocellulose and dyes may result in its release to the environment
through various waste streams. Its use as an extracting agent for the
production of antibiotics, or the removal of paraffins from mineral oil
for the production of lubricating oils will also lead to its release to
the environment. Methyl isobutyl ketone occurs naturally in oranges and
grapes, but the amount released by artificial sources is assumed to be
much greater. Based on an experimental vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25
deg C, MIBK is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient
atmosphere. Vapor-phase MIBK is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction
with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated
atmospheric half-life of about 27 hours. Methyl isobutyl ketone is
expected to have high mobility in soils based upon an estimated Koc value
of 123. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is expected based upon the
vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces
is also expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4
atm-cu m/mol. This compound is expected to biodegrade under aerobic and
anaerobic conditions. In water, MIBK is not expected to adsorb to
suspended solids or sediment based upon its estimated Koc value.
Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important
environmental fate process given its estimated Henry's Law constant.
Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 and 141 hours,
respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is considered low
based upon an estimated BCF value of 6. Occupational exposure may be
through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces
where MIBK is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to
MIBK primarily through the use of commercially available products
containing this compound such as paints, adhesives, pesticides (pyrethrins)
and rubber cements. Exposure may also arise from inhalation and ingestion
of drinking water and food that contains MIBK. (SRC)
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
The most likely exposures ... in the workplace are by inhalation of the
vapors and by skin and eye contact.
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 467,763
workers (82,337 of these are female) are potentially exposed to MIBK in
the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal
contact with this compound at workplaces where MIBK is produced or
used(SRC). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the breathing zones in 1
of 11 automobile paint shops in Spain at a concn of 29.9 mg/cu m(2).
concns of 0.5-58 ppm were detected in the breathing zones at 47 paint
manufacturing and finishing shops across the US(3). Methyl isobutylketone
was identified, not quantified, in 89 automobile paint shops in South
Africa(4). Methyl isobutylketone was detected in 4 of 70 spray paint shops
in Australia at an average concn of 6.8 mg/cu m(5). The general population
will be exposed to MIBK primarily through the use of commercially
available products containing this compound such as paints, adhesives,
pesticides (pyrethrins and pyrethroids) and rubber cement(6,7,SRC).
Exposure may also arise from inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of
drinking water, and food that contains MIBK(SRC).
Body Burden:
Methyl isobutyl ketone has been identified in the expired air from a
non-smoking heterogenous study population(1).
Natural Pollution Sources:
IN ORANGES & GRAPES; IN VINEGAR
Artificial Pollution Sources:
Methyl isobutyl ketone's (MIBK) production and use as a solvent for
vinyl, epoxy, acrylic, and natural resins and as a solvent for
nitocellulose and dyes(1) will result in its release to the environment
through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an extracting agent for the
production of antibiotics, or the removal of paraffins from mineral oil
for the production of lubricating oils(1) will also lead to its release to
the environment(SRC).
Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an
estimated Koc value of 123(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow
of 1.31(2), and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates
that MIBK is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization
of MIBK from moist soil surfaces(SRC) is expected given an estimated
Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from an
experimental vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 deg C(4) and water
solubility of 19,000 mg/l at 25 deg C(5). Volatilization from dry soil
surfaces is expected based upon the vapor pressure of this
compound(4,SRC). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate
process for this compound(SRC). MIBK was shown to biodegrade under both
aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6-9).
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an
estimated Koc value of 123(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow
of 1.31(2), and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates
that MIBK is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in
water(SRC). MIBK is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC)
based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC),
determined from an experimental vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 deg
C(4) and water solubility of 19,000 mg/l at 25 deg C(5). Estimated
half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 and 141, hours
respectively(6,SRC). Biodegradation of this compound occurs in both
freshwater and seawater(7-10). According to a classification scheme(11),
an estimated BCF value of 6(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC),
suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of
semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), MIBK, which has an
experimental vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), will exist
solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase MIBK is degraded
in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl
radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be
about 27(3,SRC) hours.
Environmental Biodegradation:
In a wastewater stream the concn of chemical products can be measured
or characterized by analyses such as Biochemical or Chemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD or COD). The BOD and COD of industrial chemicals were found. BOD:
2.06 g of oxygen/g of methyl isobutyl ketone; COD: 2.16 g of oxygen/g of
methyl isobutyl ketone.
The theoretical BOD of MIBK (5 ppm) in seawater was measured as 27.6%
and 30.6% over a 5 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of MIBK
in freshwaters seeded with settled domestic sewage was 56%, 66%, 69% and
69%, over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods(2). The theoretical BOD
of MIBK in synthetic seeded seawaters with settled domestic sewage was
15%, 46%, 50% and 53%, over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods(2).
The theoretical BOD of a 100 mg/l sample of MIBK in an activated sludge
inoculum was 84% over a 2 week incubation period(3). The theoretical
methane recovery of MIBK in an anaerobic aquifer was 46% over a 3 week
incubation period(4).
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of MIBK with
photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.41X10-11
cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric
half-life of about 27 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5.0X10+5 hydroxyl
radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The photochemical degradation products of MIBK
with hydroxyl radicals are acetone and 2-methylpropanal(2). Methyl
isobutyl ketone in cyclohexane exhibits strong absorption of UV light
>290nm(3), suggesting that MIBK has the potential to undergo direct
photolysis in the environment. The half-life for direct photolysis of MIBK
in the atmosphere is predicted to be on the order of 15 hours based on an
overlap of the solar spectrum with the absorption spectrum at a solar
zenith angle of 30 deg(4). MIBK is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in
the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(SRC).
Environmental Bioconcentration:
An estimated BCF value of 6 was calculated for MIBK(SRC), using an
experimental log Kow of 1.31(1) and a recommended regression-derived
equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value
suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
The Koc of MIBK is estimated as approximately 123(SRC), using an
experimental log Kow of 1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC).
According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc
value suggests that MIBK is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
The Henry's Law constant for MIBK is estimated as 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC)
from its experimental value for vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(1), and
experimental water solubility, 19,000 mg/l(2). This value indicates that
MIBK will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law
constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep,
flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 9
hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep,
flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as
approximately 141 hours(3,SRC). MIBK is expected to volatilize from dry
soil surfaces given its experimental vapor pressure(1,SRC).
Environmental Water Concentrations:
SURFACE WATER: Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified,
in Cuyahoga River(1) and in 1 out of 204 samples of surface water
collected near heavily industrialized areas across the US(2). Methyl
isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in 1 out of 17 samples of
Delaware River(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at mean concns of
57.1 ug/l (range, 2.8-332 ug/l) and 1.2 ug/l (range, 0.01-5.60 ug/l) in
the Adige River, Italy(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concn
of less than 10 ug/l in the Potomac River(5).
DRINKING WATER: Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified,
in 4 out of 14 drinking water supplies sampled in England(1) and in
drinking water in the Netherlands(2).
GROUNDWATER: Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the Biscayne
Aquifer groundwater at a maximum concn of 90 ug/l(1). Methyl isobutyl
ketone was detected at a concn of 10 ug/l near a waste disposal facility
in Kansas(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concn of 62,000 ug/l
in the vicinity of a coal strip-mine in Ohio(3).
Effluent Concentrations:
Leachate collected from the Southington, CT municipal landfill
contained MIBK at a concn of 172-263 ug/l(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was
detected in leachate from Granby, CT municipal landfill at a concn of
25-150 ppb(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified in
leachate from Maxy Flats, KY low-level radioactive waste disposal site(3).
Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the soil of a Michigan waste
disposal facility at a concn of 4 ug/kg(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone was
detected in the effluent from a pharmaceutical plant at a concn of 0.4-0.8
kg/cu m(5). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the effluent from a
solid waste composting plant at concns of 43 ug/cu m (field), 28 ug/cu m
(tipping area), 1,500 ug/cu m (shredder), 62 ug/cu m (indoor air), 900 ug/cu
m (fresh compost), 1,100 ug/cu m (middle age compost), 830 ug/cu m (old
compost) and 60 ug/cu m (curing region)(6). Detected at a concn of 190 ug/l
in formation water discharged from an offshore (Shell Oil) production
operation in the Gulf of Mexico(7). Methyl isobutyl ketone has been
identified in the final effluent from at least one plant in each of the
following industries: printing and publishing, coal mining, electronic,
and organic chemicals(8) and has been found in gasoline engine exhaust(9).
Atmospheric Concentrations:
OUTDOOR AIR: Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in
a West German forest(1) and in 1 of 8 air samples taken in New Jersey(2).
Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at mean concns of 0-6 ug/cu m in air
samples across the US(3,4). INDOOR AIR: Methyl isobutyl ketone was
identified, not quantified, in 2 classrooms at a school located in
France(5).
Food Survey Values:
Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in the volatile
component of baked potatoes(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the
volatiles of scrambled eggs (3 ng/g)(2), cured beef (0.03 mg/kg)(3) and
cured chicken (0.06 mg/kg)(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at
concns of 43.6 ng/g and 93.6 ng/g in salt-fermented anchovies and shrimp,
respectively(4).
Other Environmental Concentrations:
MIBK has been found in gasoline engine exhaust gas(1). During 1979
methyl isobutyl ketone was found in waste material from pharmaceutical
production, which was later disposed of by discharge into the ocean at a
dumpsite north of Puerto Rico(2). Identified in water from drum storage
area in the "Valley of the Drums" hazardous waste site near
Louisville, KY, concn range 880-1600 ug/l(3).
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
TSCA Requirements:
Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and
Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires
manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and
mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and
safety studies. Methyl isobutyl ketone is included on this list.
Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance
to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production,
use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.
A testing consent order is in effect for methyl isobutyl ketone for
health effects testing. FR citation: 1/23/95.
CERCLA Reportable Quantities:
Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the
National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of
this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than
its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the
NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202)
426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated
in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
RCRA Requirements:
U161; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methyl isobutyl ketone, as a
commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an
off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical
intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal
and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous
waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting
from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste.
Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial
exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
F003; When methyl isobutyl ketone is a spent solvent, it is classified
as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F003), as stated in 40 CFR
261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous
waste regulations.
Atmospheric Standards:
This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is
to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI
process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission
reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality
health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Methyl isobutyl
ketone is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units
covered under this subpart.
Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected
to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990,
directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce
routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and
phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources
that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Methyl isobutyl ketone is
included on this list.
State Drinking Water Guidelines:
(CA) CALIFORNIA 40 ug/l
(FL) FLORIDA 350 ug/l
(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 350 ug/l
(MI) MICHIGAN 350 ug/l
(MN) MINNESOTA 300 ug/l
(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 350 ug/l
(WI) WISCONSIN 500 ug/l
FDA Requirements:
Methyl isobutyl ketone is a food additive permitted for direct addition
to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity added to food
does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended
physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when
intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is
prepared and handled as a food ingredient. Synthetic flavoring substances
and adjuvants consist of one or more of the following /including methyl
isobutyl ketone/, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances
and adjuvants generally recoginized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for
such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.
Methyl isobutyl ketone is an indirect food additive for use only as a
component of adhesives.
Methyl isobutyl ketone is an indirect food additive polymer for use as
a basic component of single and repeated use food contact surfaces.
Polysulfide polymer-polyepoxy resins may be safely used as the food
contact surfacce of articles intended for packaging, transporting,
holding, or otherwise contacting dry food in accordance with precribed
conditions. Optional substances may include methyl isobutyl ketone.
Allowable Tolerances:
Residues of methyl isobutyl ketone are exempted from the requirement of
a tolerance when used as a solvent, cosolvent in accordance with good
agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural
commodities after harvest.
Methyl isobutyl ketone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance
when used as a solvent, cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural
practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide
formulations applied to growing crops only.
Methyl isobutyl ketone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance
when used as a solvent, cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural
practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide
formulations applied to animals.
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C6-H12-O
Molecular Weight:
100.16
Color/Form:
COLORLESS LIQUID
Odor:
PLEASANT ODOR
HAS FAINT, KETONIC AND CAMPHOR ODOR
Boiling Point:
115.8 DEG C AT 760 MM HG
Melting Point:
-85 DEG C
Critical Temperature & Pressure:
Critical temp: 568.9 deg F = 298.3 deg C = 571.5 K; critical pressure:
475 psia = 32.3 atm = 3.27 MN/sq m
Density/Specific Gravity:
0.8042 AT 20 DEG C
Heat of Combustion:
3,740 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization:
36.15 kJ/mol
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:
log Kow= 1.31
Solubilities:
19,000 mg/l in water @ 25 deg C
Sol in alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and chloroform.
Miscible with most organic solvents
Spectral Properties:
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.3962 AT 20 DEG C/D; SADTLER REF NUMBER: 23 (IR,
GRATING)
IR: 44 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)
UV: 21 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)
NMR: 139 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue)
MASS: 252 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New
York)
Surface Tension:
23.6 dynes/cm= 0.0236 N/m @ 20.0 deg C
Vapor Density:
3.5 (air= 1)
Vapor Pressure:
19.9 mm Hg at 25 deg C /from experimentally derived coefficients/
Relative Evaporation Rate:
5.6 (ether= 1)
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Percent in saturated air 1.0; 1 ppm is equivalent to 4.10 mg/cu m;
& 1 mg/l is equivalent to 244 ppm at 25 deg C, 760 mm Hg
Mobile, liquid; distills between 114 & 117 deg C /NF Grade/
WEIGHT PER GALLON @ 20 DEG C IS 6.68 LB
Liq-water interfacial tension: 15.7 dynes/cm= 0.0157 N/m at 22.7 deg C
Water/air, blood/air, oil (olive oil)/air, oil/water, and oil/blood
partition (or solubility) coefficients of methyl isobutyl ketone were
measured by vial-equilibration in combination with gas chromatography.
Partition coefficients for methyl isobutyl ketone: water/air: 79;
blood/air: 90; oil/air: 926. The blood/air partition coefficients for
ketones are almost in the same range as the water/air, irrespective of the
oil/air partition coefficients.
Chemical Safety & Handling:
DOT Emergency Guidelines:
Fire or explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat,
sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may
travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than
air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas
(sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in
sewers. Some may polymerize (P) explosively when heated or involved in a
fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may
explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin
and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may
cause pollution.
Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate
spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160
feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only
provide limited protection.
Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at
least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is
involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions;
also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all
directions.
Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of
water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry
chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water
spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use straight streams. Move
containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving
tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use
unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding
quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in
case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks. For massive fire, use unmanned
hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area
and let fire burn.
Spill or leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares,
sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the
product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways,
sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used
to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other
non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean
non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far
ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor;
but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply
artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if
breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and
shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes
with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the
material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.
Odor Threshold:
0.10 ppm
Air: 0.68 ul/l; water: 1.3 mg/l; odor safety class B; B= 50-90% of
distracted persons perceive warning of TLV
0.47 ppm
Odor detection limit in air: 9.70x10-6 g/l (gas).
0.410 mg/cu m (odor low) 192.7 mg/cu m (odor high).
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
The MIBK odor was objectionable and the vapor was irritating to the
eyes at 200 ppm.
... /AT 100 PPM/ METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE MAY IRRITATE EYES OF MORE
SENSITIVE PERSON.
Vapors cause irritation of ... nose ... .
Fire Potential:
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
NFPA Hazard Classification:
Health: 2. 2= Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic)
exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual
injury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective
equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are
hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if personnel are
provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus that
provides complete eye protection.
Flammability: 3. 3= This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable
liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal
temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or
extinguishing fires in such materials.
Reactivity: 1. 1= This degree includes materials that are normally
stable, but that may become unstable at elevated temperatures and
pressures and materials that will react with water with some release of
energy, but not violently. Fires involving these materials should be
approached with caution.
Flammable Limits:
Lower: 1.4% by vol @ 200 deg F; Upper: 7.5% @ 200 deg F
Flash Point:
75 deg F (open cup)
73 deg F (23 deg C); (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature:
840 deg F (448 deg C)
Fire Fighting Procedures:
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless
flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid
streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with
flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as
possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Flammable. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if
ignited in an enclosed area. Wear goggles and self-contained breathing
apparatus. Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide.
Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.
Firefighting Hazards:
VAPOR IS HEAVIER THAN AIR (VAPOR-AIR DENSITY AT 100 DEG F, 1:1) &
MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK.
Explosive Limits & Potential:
Vapors form explosive mixtures with air.
Upper explosive limit= 8.0%; Lower= 12%
Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame.
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
Ignites on contact with potassium-t-butoxide ... May form explosive
peroxides upon exposure to air. Can react vigorously with reducing
material.
Strong oxidizers, potassium tert-butoxide.
4-Methyl-2-pentanone had not been considered prone to autoxidation, but
an explosion during prolonged and repeated aerobic hot evaporation of the
solvent was attributed to formation and explosion of a peroxide.
Prior History of Accidents:
The wreck of the MV Ariadne, a Panamanian flag container ship, is
examined as a case study of a hazardous substance emergency response in a
third world country. /The ship/, carrying a cargo of heavy fuel oil,
tetraethyl lead, xylene, toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate,
ethyl acetate, and acetone was grounded while departing the harbor of
Mogadishu, Somalia. The Somalian government requested a team of technical
advisors to help respond appropriately to the emergency. The major issues
addressed by the advisory team were the need for additional salvage
equipment and expertise, the danger of toxic fumes from the fire and
explosions aboard the ship, the presence and possible release of
tetraethyl lead, possible port blockage by the wreck, recovery of the
chemical drums, and the extent of environmental damage caused by the
release of oil, pesticides, and tetraethyl lead into the harbor. ...
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health:
500 ppm
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves,
boots and goggles.
Breakthrough times less (usually significantly less) than one hour
reported by (normally) two or more testers for natural rubber.
Breakthrough times greater than one hour reported by (normally two or more
testers for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). No data for butyl rubber, neoprene (Neop),
nitrile rubber, nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene (PE),
chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride
(PVC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and viton.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 500 ppm.
Respirator Class(es): Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor
cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any air-purifying, full-facepiece
respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic
vapor canister. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor
cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator. May
require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full
facepiece.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or
planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es):
Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is
operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any
supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a
pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an
auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand
or other positive-pressure mode.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from
suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any
air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style,
front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate
escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Preventive Measures:
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in
industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing
contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors
including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the
exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of
the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating
or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would
be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not
be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn
even when contact lenses are in place.
Work practices and industrial hygiene techniques should minimize the
volatilization of ketones in the workroom air in order to ensure that the
exposure limits are not exceeded. /Ketones/
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not
handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective
equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with
copious amounts of water or soap and water.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames,
and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and
sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if
without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and
dilute standing pools of liquid.
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes
contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its
flammability hazard.
Stability/Shelf Life:
STABLE LIQUID
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for
transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance
... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged,
marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized
by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods
Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to
IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier
regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting
hazardous materials.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic
principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations
for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good
practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A
general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should
always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures
to be used when shipping any substance or article.
Storage Conditions:
... OPEN LIGHTS OR OTHER AGENCIES LIABLE TO IGNITE THE VAPOR SHOULD BE
EXCLUDED FROM THOSE AREAS WHERE LIQUID IS BEING STORED OR USED. /KETONES/
Protect against physical damage. Separate from oxidizing materials.
Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a
standard flammable liquids storage room.
Disposal Methods:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing
this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U161 and F003, must conform
with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal
of waste.
A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range
of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases,
and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a
temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for
liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid
injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a
residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.
Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with
a more flammable solvent. Recommendable methods: Incineration, open
burning, & use as a boiler fuel.
Methyl isobutyl ketone is a waste chemical stream constituent which may
be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
OSHA Standards:
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 100 ppm
(410 mg/cu m).
Threshold Limit Values:
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit
(STEL): 75 ppm.
Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methyl isobutyl ketone in
urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 2 mg/l.
NIOSH Recommendations:
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 50 ppm (205 mg/cu
m).
Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 75 ppm
(300 mg/cu m).
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health:
500 ppm
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
Solvent for vinyl, epoxy, acrylic and natural resins. Solvent for
nitrocellulose and dyes.
Denaturant for rubbing alcohol
SOLVENT FOR PAINTS, VARNISHES, NITROCELLULOSE, LACQUERS, MFR OF METHYL
AMYL ALCOHOL; ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, EXTRACTION PROCESSES, INCL EXTRACTION OF
URANIUM FROM FISSION PRODUCTS, ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
SOLVENT FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS & IN RARE METALS EXTRACTION,
DEWAXING OF MINERAL OILS & IN MFR OF ANTIBIOTICS
USED IN DRYCLEANING PREPARATIONS, SYNTHESIS OF METHYL ISOBUTYL
CARBIONOL (MIBC)
SYNTHETIC FLAVORING ADJUVANT: FLAVOR USEFUL IN FRUIT FLAVORS, RUM
CHEESE.
Manufacturers:
Eastman Kodak Company, Hq, 343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, (716)
724-4000, Eastman Chemical Division, PO Box 431, Kingsport, TN 37662;
Production site: Texas Eastman Company, Longview, TX 75607
Shell Oil Company, Hq, One Shell Plaza, PO Box 2463, Houston, TX
77252-2463, (713) 241-6161; Shell Chemical Company Division; Production
site: Deer Park, TX 77536 (Houston plant)
Union Carbide Corporation, Hq, Old Ridgebury Road, Danbury, CT 06817,
(203) 794-2000, Chemicals and Plastics Business Group, Solvents and
Coatings Materials Division; Production site: Institute, WV 25103
Methods of Manufacturing:
BY HYDROGENATION OF MESITYL OXIDE OVER NICKEL AT 160-190 DEG C, DARZENS,
CR SEANCES ACAD SCI PARIS, 140, 152, 1905; ALSO BY OXIDATION OF METHYL
ISOBUTYL CARBINOL.
ACETONE IS TREATED WITH BARIUM HYDROXIDE TO YIELD DIACETONE ALCOHOL;
THIS IS DEHYDRATED TO MESITYL OXIDE WHICH CAN BE HYDROGENATED TO SATURATE
THE DOUBLE BOND AND PRODUCE METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE.
/Methyl isobutyl ketone is prepared/ by reacting sodium acetoacetic
ester with isopropyl bromide and treating the resulting
2-isopropyl-acetoacetic ester with dilute acid to saponify the ester and
decarboxylate the resulting keto acid.
General Manufacturing Information:
/IT IS USED/ IN NON-ALCOHOL BEVERAGES; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC; CANDY;
& BAKED GOODS AT 6.3 PPM.
Formulations/Preparations:
Grades: technical, 98.5%.
/The NF grade/ ... contains not less than 99% of methyl isobutyl ketone.
MIBK IS FREQUENTLY BLENDED WITH METHYL ETHYL KETONE IN HIGH SOLIDS
LACQUERS
Consumption Patterns:
65% AS SOLVENT FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS, 5% AS SOLVENT FOR RARE METAL
EXTRACTION; 5% EXPORTED; 25% FOR MISC APPLICATIONS INCLUDING DEWAXING OF
MINERAL OILS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANTIBIOTICS (1971)
NITROCELLULOSE LACQUERS, 25%; OTHER COATINGS, INKS, LACQUERS, 30%;
SOLVENT EXTRACTION, 10%; MIBC, 10%; METALURGICAL, 5%; EXPORT, 15%; MISC,
5% (1980)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Methyl isobutyl ketone. Demand: 1986: 145 million lb;
1987: 148 million lb; 1991 /projected/: 155 million lb. (Includes exports;
in addition, 12.5 million lb were imported in 1986).
U. S. Production:
(1984) 6.50X10+10 g
(1987) 1.51X10+8 lb
(1988) 2.0X10+8 lb
In 1987, US production was 70,000 tons.
US Production (1993): 6.806X10+7 kg
Demand: 1995: 175 million pounds; 2000: 175 million pounds.
U. S. Imports:
(1984) 9.31X10+9 g
(1986) 1.25X10+7 lb
U. S. Exports:
(1984) 7.22X10+9 g
(1987) 5.90X10+5 lb
(1988) 1.92X10+6 lb
Laboratory Methods:
Clinical Laboratory Methods:
Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in brain, liver, lung, vitreous
fluid, kidney, and blood of 2 individuals who died from exposure to
painting sprays, by packed and open tubular gas chromatographic column and
mass spectroscopy.
A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING SOLVENTS IN BIOLOGICAL
FLUIDS IS DESCRIBED. METHOD REQUIRES 0.05 ML OF SAMPLE & N-PENTANE AS
SOLVENT. METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE WAS DETECTED IN BLOOD BY THIS PROCEDURE.
SENSITIVITY WAS 0.04 TO 0.24 NG.
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
AN AUTOMATED ECG 900 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM WAS USED TO MEASURE
SOLVENT EXPOSURE IN PAINT FACTORY FOR 20 DAYS. SAMPLING WAS PERFORMED
AUTOMATICALLY EVERY 15 MIN AT EACH OF SEVERAL FIXED STATIONS IN 2 DEPT,
& FED DIRECTLY TO GAS CHROMATOGRAPH.
NIOSH 1300: Analyte: Methyl isobutyl ketone; Matrix: air; Prodedure:
Gas chromatography, hydrogen flame ionization detector; Estimated limit of
detection: 0.02 mg/sample; desorption:1 ml carbon disulfide, stand 30 min;
injection volume: 5 ul; column: glass (12 ft x 1/4 in); temperature:
injector: 250 deg C, detector: 300 deg C, column: 50 deg C to 170 deg C @
10 deg/min; carrier gas: nitrogen or helium, 30 ml/min; interferences:
none reported.
The vapor of methyl isobutyl ketone is collected in water and the soln
allowed to react with acidic 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine soln. The addition
of methanolic potassium hydroxide results in the formation of red
coloration, which is compared visually with standards after 10 min.
Purge-and-trap analysis of methyl isobutyl ketone using fused silica
capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was evaluated for
the analysis of priority pollutant organics. Preliminary tests of a 30-m
SE54 capillary column systems indicated satisfactory precision (8.5%) and
excellent accuracy (98.5% and 102% recoveries). Not only was the capillary
column much faster than the packed column (13 min compared to 33 min), it
also overcame difficulties normally encountered with samples having
excessive complexity, very large concn spread among components, or high
concn of high-boiling components.
EPA Method 8015: Nonhalogenated Volatile Organics. For the analysis of
solid waste, a representative sample (solid or liquid) is collected in a
standard 40 ml glass screw-cap VOA vial equipped with a Teflon-faced
silicone septum. Sample agitation, as well as contamination of the
collected sample with air, must be avoided. Two VOA vials are filled per
sample location, then placed in separate plastic bags for shipment and
storage. Samples can be analyzed by direct injection or purge-and trap gas
chromatography. A temperature program is used in the gas chromatograph to
separate the organic compounds. Column 1 is an 8-ft by 0.1-in I.D.
stainless steel or glass column packed with 1% SP-1000 on Carbopack-B
60/80 mesh or equivalent. Column 2 is a 6-ft by 0.1-in I.D. stainless
steel or glass column packed with n-octane on Porasil-C 100/120 mesh (Durapak)
or equivalent. Detection is achieved by a flame ionization detector (FID).
Under the prescribed conditions, methyl isobutyl ketone can be detected
using this method. No statistical analysis was determined; specific method
performance information will be provided as it becomes available.
EPA Method 8015A: Non-halogenated Organic. Provides gas chromatographic
conditions for the dectection of certain non-halogenated volatile organic
compounds.
EPA Method 8240A: Volatile Organics by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry GC/MS. Method to separate and analyze complex volatile
organic compounds by GC/MS.
Sampling Procedures:
NIOSH 1300: Analyte: methyl isobutyl ketone; Sampler: Solid Sorbent
Tube, (coconut shell charcoal, 100 mg/50 mg); Flow rate: 0.01-0.2 l/min;
Vol: min: 1 l, max: 25 l; sample stability: unknown.
Activated charcoal, Ambersorb XE-348, and Amberlites XAD-2, XAD-4, and
XAD-7 were evaluated as solid adsorbents for work-room air sampling of
selected ketones including methyl isobutyl ketone. Activated charcoal had
good capacity for the compounds investigated, but most ketones decomposed
on this adsorbent during storage. Ambersorb XE-348 also showed good
capacity for most of the ketones and decomposition was insignificant.
Special References:
Special Reports:
Istituto Superiore di Sanita; Rapp Istisan, Iss 85/26: 122 (1985)
Toxicological file of organic solvents use in industrial technological
areas.
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
AI3-01229
**PEER REVIEWED**
Caswell No. 574AA
**PEER REVIEWED**
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 044105
**PEER REVIEWED**
FEMA NUMBER 2731
**PEER REVIEWED**
HEXON (CZECH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
HEXONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
ISOBUTYL-METHYLKETON (CZECH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
ISOBUTYL METHYL KETONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Isopropyl acetone
**PEER REVIEWED**
KETONE, ISOBUTYL METHYL
**PEER REVIEWED**
METHYL-ISOBUTYL-CETONE (FRENCH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
METHYLISOBUTYLKETON (DUTCH, GERMAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
4-METHYL-2-OXOPENTANE
**PEER REVIEWED**
4-METHYL-2-PENTANON (CZECH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
4-METHYL-PENTAN-2-ON (DUTCH, GERMAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-METHYL-4-PENTANONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
4-METHYLPENTANONE-2
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-METHYLPROPYL METHYL KETONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
METILISOBUTILCHETONE (ITALIAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
4-METILPENTAN-2-ONE (ITALIAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
METYLOIZOBUTYLOKETON (POLISH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
MIBK
**PEER REVIEWED**
MIK
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-PENTANONE, 4-METHYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
SHELL MIBK
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Grades: technical, 98.5%.
/The NF grade/ ... contains not less than 99% of methyl isobutyl ketone.
MIBK IS FREQUENTLY BLENDED WITH METHYL ETHYL KETONE IN HIGH SOLIDS
LACQUERS
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 1245; Methyl isobutyl ketone
IMO 3.2; Methyl isobutyl ketone
Standard Transportation Number:
49 092 45; Methyl isobutyl ketone (flammable liquid)
EPA Hazardous Waste Number:
U161; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or
manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial
chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.
F003; A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a spent solvent.
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/SA9275000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 148
Last Revision Date: 20020806
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 9/18/1997
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/06/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/22/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 8 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/04/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/20/1999, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/29/1999, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/01/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/01/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/20/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/12/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/25/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/26/1998, 73 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 09/08/1997, 5 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/27/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/24/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/09/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/06/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1996, 9 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/09/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1995, 7 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/23/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 07/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/24/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/07/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/04/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/26/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/11/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/27/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/17/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/31/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1991, 72 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/04/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/11/1990, 20 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/05/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/09/1988, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1988, 93 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/14/1986
Record Length: 130823
Unified
Air Toxics Website - Health Effects Notebook for ...
... CAS No.) for each chemical, and the name of an HTML file containing
the health effects
fact ... Methyl iodide, 74-88-4. Methyl isobutyl ketone,
...
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hapindex.html
More Results From: www.epa.gov
Methyl
isobutyl ketone [factsheet]
... 1985. 4. US Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects
Assessment
for Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. EPA/600/8-88/045. Environmental
...
http://www.lakes-environmental.com/toxic/METHYL_ISOBUTYL_KETONE.HTML
Methyl
Isobutyl Ketone
... Health effects: Exposure to methyl isobutyl
ketone may cause gastrointestinal disturbances
and central nervous system impairment, headache, nausea, vomiting ...
http://www.nsc.org/library/chemical/MethylIs.htm
More Results From: www.nsc.org
Matheson
Tri-Gas MSDS Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
... SECTION 2 COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS COMPONENT: METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE ... Vapor
may cause flash fire. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ...
http://www.matheson-trigas.com/msds/MethylIsobutylKetone.htm
Methyl
isobutyl ketone (HSG 58, 1991)
... irritation and has reversible depressant effects ...
Environmental Health Criteria 117:
Methyl isobutyl ketone. Geneva, World Health
Organization. ...
http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg/hsg058.htm
More Results From: www.inchem.org
Find
SVTC Cumulative Exposure Project (CEP) maps
... Others have benchmarks for chronic and/or acute effects. ...
Methyl isobutyl ketone,
108-10-1, Methyl methacrylate, 80-62-6, X, X, Methylene ...
http://www.svtc.org/ecomaps/svtc_cep/hitech.htm
Product
Lines Application Guide Solvent Physical Properties ...
... Methyl Isoamyl Ketone, 2, 3, 1, 2. Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone, 2, 3, 1, 2. Methyl n-Propyl
Ketone, ... for causing adverse acute or chronic health effects
...
http://www.bandj.com/BJProduct/HealthSafety/Health2.html
More Results From: www.bandj.com
Rulemaking:
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (PDF)
... HEALTH EFFECTS Page 3. Toxic Air Contaminant
Identification List Summaries - ARB/SSD/SES
September 1997 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 665 Probable routes
of human ...
http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/tac/factshts/mthisobk.pdf
More Results From: www.arb.ca.gov
RAIS:
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (000108-10-1)
... The following is a presentation of the toxicity information
associated with Methyl
Isobutyl Ketone. Noncarcinogenic Health Effects: The
Oral Chronic Reference ...
http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/mibkrv_ragsa.shtml
More Results From: risk.lsd.ornl.gov
HETA
95-0118-2565
... to relate them to possible health ... NIOSH
investigators to have irritative effects ... organic
compounds (toluene, benzene, and methyl isobutyl ketone ...
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/01182565.html
More Results From: www.cdc.gov
CCAR-GreenLink:
Virtual Shop - Thinner/Solvents
... Solvents used in paints include: toluene ... xylene, methyl
ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl
ketone ... on commercially available solvents, including health
...
http://www.ccar-greenlink.org/cshops/solvents.html
MATERIAL
SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2. COMPOSITION ... (PDF)
... OSHA-PEL 750ppm(TWA) STEL 1000ppm Ethanol-ACGIH-TLV 1,000ppm(TWA)
OSHA-PEL 1,000ppm(TWA)
Methyl isobutyl Ketone ... Potential Health Effects
...
http://www.carolina.com/labsafety/msds/acetone%20alcohol.pdf
More Results From: www.carolina.com
Methyl
Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. 07/26/94. ... Health.
Effects: Inhalation: May be
harmful if inhaled. Vapor or mist may be irritating ...
http://www.camd.lsu.edu/msds/m/methyl_isobutyl_ketone.htm
More Results From: www.camd.lsu.edu
Data
Sheets - ICSC0511 - International occupational safety & ...
International Occupational Safety and Health Information ... METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE, ... 4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Isopropylacetone ... this substance at 20°C. EFFECTS ...
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc05/icsc0511.htm
METHYL
ISOBUTYL KETONE
... Percent Hazardous -----
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ... Potential Health Effects
...
http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/m3588.htm
More Results From: www.jtbaker.com
CHEMICAL
(MICROSOFT WORD)
... considering acute and chronic threshold health endpoints,
including reproductive
effects. ... MEK). 78933. 1000. 339.1. Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone ...
http://www.state.ma.us/dep/ors/files/atcs1995.doc
More Results From: www.state.ma.us
MapCruzin
- Potential Adverse Human Health Effects
... Potential Adverse Human Health Effects of the Top 25
TRI Chemicals. ... Methyl isobutyl
ketone, X, X. Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols), X, Chromium ...
http://www.mapcruzin.com/scruztri/data/94bx104h.htm
More Results From: www.mapcruzin.com
Chapter
9
... Krylon Enamel Paint-. Acetone, 2-Butanone, Toluene, Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone ... following
is a partial listing of some of the health effects ...
http://www.earthtechinc.com/09.html
More Results From: www.earthtechinc.com
TAB
D – Examples of Solvents Contained in CARC and Paint Thinner ...
... Short-Term Health Effects, Long-Term Health ...
The substance may cause effects on the ... central
nervous system, liver, kidney. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ...
http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/carc_paint_ii/carc_paint_ii_tabd.htm
More Results From: www.gulflink.osd.mil
RACHEL's
Hazardous Waste News #115
... Ph.D. Descriptor terms: health effects; studies;
landfilling; water pollution; health ... 2-chloroethyl)
ether (BCEE); methyl isobutyl ketone ...
http://www.ejnet.org/rachel/rhwn115a.htm