For Trichloroethylene
(USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 081202) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not
registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change
periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for
currently approved uses./
Therap cat: anesthetic (inhalation)/former use/; Therap cat (vet): anesthetic
(inhalation)
IN GAS PURIFICATION, AS A SOLVENT OF SULFUR
& PHOSPHORUS
Aerospace operations (flushing liquid oxygen)
AGENT IN REMOVAL OF BASTING THREADS IN TEXTILE PROCESSING
CHEM INT FOR 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHYL SULFENYL CHLORIDE
SOLVENT BASE FOR METAL PHOSPHATIZING SYSTEMS
SOLVENT IN CHARACTERIZATION TEST FOR ASPHALT
ENTRAINER FOR RECOVERY OF FORMIC ACID
Used as household cleaner; with trichloroethane it is used in most typewriter
correction fluid. /SRP: Former use/
Used in wool-fabric scouring
Intermediate in the production of pentachloroethane.
Carrier solvent for the active ingredients of insecticides, and fungicides.
MEDICATION
MEDICATION (VET)
Used in the preparation of insecticidal fumigants.
Trichloroethylene was used earlier as an extraction solvent for
natural fats and oils, such as palm, coconut and soya bean oils. It was also an
extraction solvent for spices, hops and the decaffeination of coffee. The United
States Food and Drug Administration banned these uses of trichloroethylene...its
use in cosmetic and drug products was also discontinued...It was used as both an
anesthetic and an analgesic in obstetrics. /Former uses/
Trichloroethylene
has been used, in limited quantities, to control relative molecular mass in the
manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. It has also been used as a solvent in the
rubber industry, some adhesive formulations and in research laboratories. In the
textile industry, it is used as a carrier solvent for spotting fluids and as a
solvent in dyeing and finishing. It is also used as a solvent in printing inks,
paint, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives and paint strippers.
The major use of trichloroethylene
is in metal cleaning or degreasing. Trichloroethylene
is used in degreasing operations in five main industrial groups: furniture and
fixtures, fabricated metal products, electric and electronic equipment,
transport equipment and miscellaneous manufacturing industries. It is also used
in plastics, appliances, jewellery, automobile, plumbing fixtures, textiles,
paper, glass and printing industries.
Used as a chemical intermediate in the
synthesis of captafol; chloroacetic acid; 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
Stabilized grades are produced for vapor
cleaning applications
Use of trichloroethylene
in fluorocarbon production and as a metal cleaning and degreasing solvent are
both increasing. In vapor degreasing, trichloroethylene
has regained some market share as a result of the phaseout of
1,1,1-trichloroethane for emissive uses. Growth prospects for trichloroethylene
as a fluorocarbon feedstock hold more potential, however, particularly its use
as a precursor for the workhorse hydrofluorocarbon product, HFC-134a.
Manufacturers:
Dow Chemical USA, Hq, 2030 Dow Center,
Midland, MI 48674, (517) 636-1000; Production site: Freeport, TX 77541
PPG Industries, Inc., Hq, One PPG Place, 36
East, Pittsburgh, PA 15272, (412) 434-3131; Chemicals Group; Production site:
Lake Charles, LA 70602
Methods of Manufacturing:
Until 1968, about 85% of United States
production capacity of trichloroethylene
was based on acetylene. The acetylene-based process consists of two steps:
acetylene is first chlorinated to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, with a ferric
chloride, phosphorus chloride or antimony chloride catalyst, and the product is
then dehydrohalogenated to trichloroethylene.
The current method of manufacture is from ethylene or 1,2-dichloroethane. In a
process used by one plant in the United States, trichloroethylene
is produced by noncatalytic chlorination of ethylene dichloride and other C2
hydrocarbons with a mixture of oxygen and chlorine or hydrogen chloride.
Ethylene dichloride + chlorine (chlorination; coproduced with perchloroethylene)
Ethylene dichloride + chlorine + oxygen (oxychlorination/dehydrochlorination;
coproduced with perchloroethylene)
General Manufacturing Information:
Since there are now only two producers (Dow
& PPG), the USITC stopped publicly reporting production and other statistics
at the end of 1982
Depending on the condition, dissociation of
HCl at elevated temperatures in the presence of carbon in a chemical plasma will
produce 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene,
and perchloroethylene.
Cancelled for use in fumigant mixture or as a
solvent with other ingredient on grains.
Formulations/Preparations:
Trichloroethylene
for medicinal purposes may contain thymol as a preservative. Industrial grades
... may contain stabilizers, such as triethanolamine.
Grades: USP; technical; high purity;
electronic; metal degreasing; extraction.
Trichloroethylene
is available in the USA in high-purity, electronic USP, technical, metal
degreasing and extraction grades
Commercial grades of trichloroethylene,
formulated to meet use requirements, differ in the amount and type of added
inhibitor. Typical grades contain >99% trichloroethylene;
they include a neutrally inhibited vapor-degreasing grade and a technical grade
for use in formulations.
Stabilizers that have been used in
formulations of trichloroethylene
include neutral inhibitors and free-radical scavengers, amyl alcohol, n-propanol,
isobutanol, 2-pentanol, diethylamine, triethylamine, dipropylamine,
diisopropylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, N-methylmorpholine,
aniline, acetone, ethyl acetate, borate esters, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide,
1,2-epoxybutane, cyclohexene oxide, butadiene dioxide, styrene oxide, pentene
oxide, 2,3-epoxy-1-propenol, 3-methoxy-1,2-epoxypropane, stearates,
2,2,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropanol, epoxycyclopentanol,
epichlorohydrin, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,4-dioxane, dioxalane,
trioxane, alkoxyaldehyde hydrazones, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethanes,
nitropropanes, phenol, ortho-cresol, thymol, para-tert-butylphenol,
para-tert-amylphenol, isoeugenol, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, N-ethylpyrrole,
(2-pyrryl)trimethylsilane, glycidyl acetate, isocyanates and thiazoles.
Impurities:
Acidity (as hydrochloric acid), 0.0005% max;
alkalinity (as sodium hydroxide), 0.001% max; residue on evaporation, 0.005%
max; antioxidants, such as amine (0.001-0.01% or more) or combinations of
epoxides such as epichlorohydrin & esters (0.2-2% total)
Apart from added stabilizers, commercial
grades of trichloroethylene should not
contain more than the following amounts of impurities: water, 100 ppm; acidity
(as HCl), 5 ppm; insoluble residue, 10 ppm. Free chlorine should not be
detectable.
Impurities that have been found in commercial trichloroethylene
products include: carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane,
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, pentachloroethane,
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
bromodichloromethane, bromodichloroethylene, and benzene.
Consumption Patterns:
Demand: (1982): 240 million pounds; (1983):
Est 235 million pounds; 1987: Est 215 million pounds.
Vapor degreasing of fabricated metal parts,
80%; chemical intermediate, 5%; miscellaneous used, 5%; exports, 10% (1985)
Vapor degreasing of fabricated metal parts,
66%; chemical intermediates, miscellaneous domestic uses, 5%; exports, 22%.
Vapor degreasing of fabricated metal parts,
65%; chemical intermediates and miscellaneous uses, 35%.
Demand: 1996: 180 million pounds; 1997: 190
million pounds; 2001: 230 million pounds (includes exports)
U. S. Production:
USA production: (1981): 258,182 pounds.
Production quantities (1976): 610X10+6 pounds.
(1985) 7.72X10+10 g /Estimated/
(1991) 320 million lb
U. S. Imports:
(1985) 1.98X10+10 g
Imports last year totaled approximately 10
million pounds, averaging 12 million pounds during the period.
U. S. Exports:
(1985) 1.06X10+10 g
Exports were 65 million pounds during 1996,
but averaged 83 million pounds per year in the 1992-1996 period.
SOURCE:
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~Mzqj4W:1