INFORMATION REGARDING CARBON DISULFIDE AND SOLVENT

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~SW5NhL:1
CARBON DISULFIDE
CASRN: 75-15-0

Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities :

Disposal of 2 liters of the solvent into a rusted iron sewer caused an explosion. Initiation of the solvent-air mixture by rust was suspected. A hot gauze falling from a tripod into a lab sink containing some carbon disulfide initiated two explosions. ... The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted. When a winchester of the solvent fell off a high shelf and broke behind a rusted steel cupboard, ignition occurred.
[Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990197]**PEER REVIEWED**

Major Uses :

MFR OF RAYON, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, XANTHOGENATES, SOIL DISINFECTANTS, ELECTRONIC VACUUM TUBES; SOLVENT FOR PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, SELENIUM, BROMINE, IODINE, FATS, RESINS, & RUBBERS.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996.296]**PEER REVIEWED**

Major Uses :

Optical glass, paints, enamels, varnishes, paint removers, tallow, explosives, rocket fuel, putty preservatives, rubber cement, solvent for ... waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, vulcanized rubber ... and pesticide intermediates.
[Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 1985. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1985.187]**PEER REVIEWED**

Major Uses :

Food-related uses incl preservation of fresh fruit, in adhesive compositions for food packaging, and as a solvent in the extraction of growth inhibitors.
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.V4 754 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Major Uses :

Process solvent
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994.177]**PEER REVIEWED**

Consumption Patterns :

Rayon, 40%; cellophane (10% carbon tetrachloride), 25%; rubber chemicals, 10%; miscellaneous (including pesticides and paraffin solvent), 15% (1984) /Estimate/
[CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Carbon Disulfide, 1985]**PEER REVIEWED**

Consumption Patterns :

Rayon, 53%; agricultural and other chemicals, 25%; rubber chemicals, 13%; cellophane and other regenerated cellulosics, 7%; miscellaneous, as an industrial solvent and for producing mercaptoethylamine, an intermediate for anti-ulcer drugs, 2%.
[Kavaler AR; Chemical Marketing Reporter p. 41 October, 20 (1997)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Human Toxicity Excerpts :

Local contact results in erythema and pain since carbon disulfide is one of the most potent fat solvents. Prolonged contact produces vesiculation and chemical burns. Severe chemical burns of the cornea result from direct contact with the eyes.
[Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988.819]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary :

Carbon disulfide's production and use as a solvent and a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 359 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates carbon disulfide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase carbon disulfide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.5 days. Carbon disulfide has a weak UV adsorption band at 317 nm, suggesting a potential for direct photolysis. If released to soil, carbon disulfide is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 270. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.44X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 24 deg C. Carbon disulfide may potentially volatilize from dry soil surfaces given its vapor pressure. If released into water, some adsorption of carbon disulfide to suspended solids and sediment in the water column is expected based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon carbon disulfide's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively. BCFs of <6.1 and <60 in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where carbon disulfide is produced or used. As carbon disulfide occurs ubiquitously in the environment, the general population is exposed to this compound. Primary routes of exposure to carbon disulfide are through inhalation of ambient air or ingestion of fruits, vegetables, and other food products containing this compound. (SRC)
**PEER REVIEWED**

Artificial Pollution Sources :

Carbon disulfide's production and use in the manufacture of rayon, carbon tetrachloride, xanthogenates, soil disinfectants, electronic vacuum tubes, and as a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine, fats, resins, and rubbers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
[(1) Budavari S; The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co Inc p 295 (1996)]**PEER REVIEWED**

RCRA Requirements :

F005; When carbon disulfide is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F005), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations.
[40 CFR 261.31 (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Analytic Laboratory Methods :

OSW Method 8240B. Determination of Volatile Organics Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). This method is applicable to various type of samples, regardless of water content, including ground water, aqueous sludge, caustic liquors, acid liquors, waste solvents, and oily waste. Estimated quantitation limit= 100 ug/l.
[USEPA/Office of Solid Waste (OSW); Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, 3rd Edition, Final Update II, September (1994)]**PEER REVIEWED**

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