Information Regarding 2-Butanone and Solvent
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
Synonym: 2 butanone
78-93-3
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~c6N05d:1
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion :
Relatively little of absorbed MEK is excreted
unchanged via the kidneys; a study of occupationally exposed workers revealed
that it is less than 0.1% of the alveolar uptake ... In a similar study of
workers occupationally exposed to a mixture of solvents,
the excretion of MEK and a major recognizable metabolite, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
was 0.1% of alveolar uptake ... The concentrations of both MEK and
3-hydroxy-2-butanone in urine were significantly
correlated with the environmental level of MEK. Other metabolites of MEK,
2-butanol or 2,3-butanediol ... identified in the serum of guinea pigs, were not
detected in the urine of the exposed workers. ... however ... human excretion of
2,3-butanediol was individually variable but averaged 2% of the absorbed MEK.
The urinary excretion of 2-butanol, a minor metabolite of MEK was examined ...
clearance of 2-butanol admin by gavage in rabbits was about 14% of the admin
dose and in the form of a glucuronide.
Synonyms :
AETHYLMETHYLKETON
(GERMAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
ETHYLMETHYLKETON
(DUTCH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
METILETILCHETONE
(ITALIAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Synonyms :
METYLOETYLOKETON
(POLISH)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Biological Half-Life :
Both animal and human data indicate a rapid
turnover of MEK. In guinea-pigs receiving an ip dose of 450 mg MEK/kg, the
half-life of MEK in blood serum was 4.5 hr and the clearance time for MEK in
serum was 12 hr. For the metabolites 2-butanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone
and 2,3-butanediol, the clearance time in serum was 11 hr ... In a study
... on rats given an oral dose of 2-butanone of 2.1
mg/kg, there was a half-life of 3.6 hr for MEK in blood if the rate of loss was
assumed to be constant between the two times of measurement (4 and 18 hrs) after
dosing. Data from a study ... on rats receiving oral doses of 2-butanol or MEK
also indicate a half-life of about 4 hr for MEK. ... the clearance rate for
3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol was independent
of dose for the two doses used (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) and that the half-lives for
these metabolites of MEK were 47 min and 3.45 hr, respectively.
Consumption Patterns :
SOLVENT FOR VINYL
COATINGS, 30%; SOLVENT FOR ADHESIVES, 18%; SOLVENT
FOR NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS, 13%; SOLVENT FOR ACRYLIC
COATINGS, 11%; SOLVENT FOR OTHER COATINGS, 7%; SOLVENT
FOR MAGNETIC TAPES, 7%; EXTRACTION SOLVENT FOR LUBE OIL
DEWAXING, 5%; SOLVENT FOR PRINTING INKS, 5%; OTHER, 4%
(1981)
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Toxic effects of common organic solvents
on workers /were/ examined. The most notable acute effects of occupational
exposure to organic solvents are /CNS depression/ and
other nerve dysfunctions. The common symptoms of short term exposure are
fatigue, headache, nausea, sleep disturbance, and alteration in memory.
Psychomotor performance of adverse effects on intellectual or memory functions
are demonstrated with psychological test batteries after long-term occupational
exposure to organic solvents. The mutagenic,
carcinogenic, and toxicological effects of ... methyl ethyl ketone ... are
summarized. ... In clinical observations, the effects of organic solvents
can cause increased excretion of abnormal cells and protein in urine. This
indicates the possible correlation between long-term exposure and renal disease.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
To determine whether unchanged solvent
urinary concentration could be used as a biological exposure index, workers
occupationally exposed to various solvents were
studied. Nine unrelated groups (a total of 659 males) working in plastic boat,
chemical, plastic button, paint, and shoe factories were studied. Urine samples
were collected at the beginning of the workshift and at the end of the first
half of the shift. A close relationship (correlation coefficient always above
0.85) between the average environmental solvent
concentration (mg/cu m) measured in the breathing zone and the urinary
concentration of unchanged solvent (ug/l) was observed.
Atmospheric Concentrations :
The presence of solvents
such as toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, and other similar products in the
indoor air of an automobile body repair shop, an offset printing facility and
the adjacent dwellings was monitored, and the individual exposure of the
corresponding workers and residents was tested by biological monitoring of
exhaled breath and by personal air sampling. The concentrations of solvents
tested in the air of both sites surveyed were lower than prevailing Dutch
Maximum Allowable Concentration levels. The levels of solvents
recorded in the air of apartments situated on top of the facilities surveyed
were significantly higher than the levels recorded in the surrounding dwellings.
The levels of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and xylene in personal air samples of
employees at the body shop were 1.5 times higher than in ambient air. The level
of toluene in alveolar air of residents living above the automobile repair shop
was 50 percent higher than that recorded in spot samples. The levels of other solvents
were equal to or lower than the detection level. At the offset printing
facility, toluene, xylene, butylacetate, 2-ethoxyethanol and cyclohexanone in
air and in personal air samples followed the same general pattern identified for
the body shop. In a dwelling next to the shop and in an apartment on top of the
shop, the concentrations ranged from 3 to 9 percent and 14 to 19 percent,
respectively, of the levels recorded inside the facility itself.
Synonyms :
2-BUTANONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
ANALYSIS OF PORPHYRIN CONTENT OF MURINE
ERYTHROLEUKEMIA (MEL) CELLS INCUBATED WITH 2-BUTANONE SHOWED
THAT INCR HEMOGLOBIN SYNTH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY ACCUM OF PORPHYRINS.
Metabolism/Metabolites :
GUINEA PIGS WERE GIVEN SINGLE 450 MG/KG IP
DOSES OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK). MEK PRODUCED 2-BUTANOL, 3-HYDROXY-2-BUTANONE,
& 2,3-BUTANEDIOL.
Metabolism/Metabolites :
Rats were given a single oral dose of methyl
ethyl ketone (MEK). The blood concn of MEK and metabolites 4 hr after dosing
were: MEK (94.1 mg/100 ml); 2-butanol (3.2 mg/100 ml); 3-hydroxy-2-butanol (2.4
mg/100 ml) and 2,3-butanediol (8.6 mg/100 ml). Blood concn of the parent
compound and metabolites 18 hr after dosing with MEK were: MEK (6.2 mg/100 ml);
2-butanol (0.6 mg/100 ml); 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (1.4
mg/100 ml); and 2,3-butanediol (25.6 mg/100 ml).
Metabolism/Metabolites :
... the toxic effects of MEK and 2-butanol
were essentially identical in rats, and that 2-butanol was rapidly oxidized to
MEK. ... identified the metabolites of MEK in guinea pigs as 2-butanol,
3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol. They
hypothesized that the metabolism followed both oxidative and reductive pathways,
with the latter leading to the production of 2-butanol.
RCRA Requirements :
U159; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2-butanone,
as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate
or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical
intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or
State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any
residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of
a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small
quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste
regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
Sampling Procedures :
ANALYTE: 2-BUTANONE; MATRIX:
AIR; RANGE: 380-1240 MG/CU M; PROCEDURE: ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL, DESORPTION WITH
CARBON DISULFIDE, GC.
Clinical Laboratory Methods :
A method is described for the determination of
the concn of methyl ethyl ketone and its metabolites: 2-butanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone,
and the meso- and d,l-isomers of 2,3-butanediol in urine. The analytes
were isolated from urine by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by capillary gas
chromatography. The recovery rates were 50-70% for the 2,3-butanediol isomers
and 88-96% for the other analytes. The precision of the method ranged 5-12%
(standard deviation %). The detection limit was 1.0 and 1.4 mg/l for meso- and
d,l 2,3-butanediol, respectively, and ranged 0.1-0.15 mg/l for the other
analytes.
Special Reports :
DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for 2-Butanone
(1992) ATSDR/TP-91/08
Preventive Measures :
A major concern in the painting studio is solvents,
/including methyl ethyl ketone/. ... Precautions include ... use of dilution and
local exhaust ventilation, control of storage areas, disposal of solvent
soaked rags in covered containers, minimizing skin exposure and the use of
respirators and other personal protective equipment. The control of fire hazards
is also important, since many of the solvents are
highly flammable.
Major Uses :
AS SOLVENT; IN THE
SURFACE COATING INDUSTRY; MFR OF COLORLESS SYNTHETIC RESINS, SMOKELESS POWDER
Major Uses :
SOLVENT FOR
COATINGS-ESP VINYL, NITROCELLULOSE & ACRYLIC
Major Uses :
SOLVENT FOR ADHESIVES
& MAGNETIC TAPES
Major Uses :
EXTRACTION SOLVENT
FOR LUBE OIL DEWAXING, AZEOTROPIC SEPN
Major Uses :
SOLVENT FOR PRINTING
INKS & IN CLEANING SOLNS
Major Uses :
EXTRACTION SOLVENT
FOR HARDWOOD PULPING & VEGETABLE OIL
Major Uses :
SOLVENT &
COSOLVENT IN PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS
Major Uses :
... Solvent ...
required for the polymerization processing of polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene,
and styrene-butadiene-rubber.
Consumption Patterns :
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Coatings solvent, 50%; adhesives, 13%; magnetic tapes,
8%; lube oil dewaxing, 4%; printing inks, 3%; miscellaneous, 6%; exports, 16%.
Disposal Methods :
The following wastewater treatment
technologies have been investigated for methyl ethyl ketone: solvent
extraction and activated carbon.
Disposal Methods :
Spray into incinerator or burn in paper
packaging. More flammable solvent may be added.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
METHYL ETHYL KETONE IS IMPLICATED AS THE CAUSE
OF RETROBULBAR NEURITIS IN PT WHO USED THE SOLVENT IN
REMOVING PAINT FROM AN AIRPLANE HANGAR.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
... Seventy healthy male and female
volunteers, 18 to 32 years old, with no previous prolonged exposure to solvents
were exposed to 0 or 250 ppm acetone, 200 ppm MEK, or 125 ppm acetone plus 100
ppm MEK vapors for 4 hours in an exposure chamber. Expired air samples were
collected before exposure, after 2 and 4 hours exposure, 90 minutes after
exposure ended, and the next morning. Blood samples were collected on the day
preceding exposure, at 2 or 4 hours of exposure, 2 hours after exposure ended,
and the following day. Samples were analyzed for acetone and MEK by gas or
gas/liquid chromatography. ... Blood MEK or acetone concentrations continued to
increase throughout exposure, the increases between 2 and 4 hours being larger
in the case of acetone. Acetone concentrations in the breath took longer to
decrease than those of MEK. No interactive effects were noted in the combined
exposures. Blood acetone and MEK concentrations were moderately correlated with
their breath concentrations. Blood MEK and acetone concentrations tended to be
lower in female subjects than in males; however, the differences were
significant only for acetone in the combination exposure after 2 hours exposure
and 90 minutes postexposure. ...
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
... exposure to 266-797 mg/cu m (90-270 ppm)
for up to 4 hr/day caused his subjects to underestimate times of 5 to 30 sec ...
on the other hand, found that a 4-hr exposure of human subjects to 590 mg/cu m
(200 ppm) had no significant effect in a variety of behavioral test. These
included psychomotor, visual vigilance, dual task, sensorimotor and
psychological tests. Solvent mixtures of 295 mg MEK/cu
m (100 ppm) and 298 mg acetone/cu m (125 ppm) similarly had no significant
effect on the results of these behavioral tests.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Long-term exposure of 51 Italian workers to
MEK produced indications of neurotoxicity with slightly, but not significantly,
reduced nerve conduction velocities and various other symptoms such as headache,
loss of appetite and weight, GI upset, dizziness, dermatitis and muscular
hypotrophy, but no clinically recognizable neuropathy. ... There has been a
brief report of chronic exposure of American workers, in a factory producing
coated fabric, to 885-1770 mg MEK/cu m (300-600 ppm) in the apparent absence of
other solvents. ... Workers complained of dermatoses
and numbness of fingers and arms.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Two cases of acute poisoning in a raincoat
manufacturing operation where the seams were waterproofed with a resin dissolved
in either acetone or MEK were reported. Samples of the workroom air indicated
that the MEK concentration ranged from 398 to 561 ppm, whereas the acetone
concentration ranged from 330 to 495 ppm. Two female employees were reportedly
affected by the solvent vapors on different occasions.
The first complained of stomach distress and watery eyes one morning, and later
was found unconscious in a rest room. The employee had a strong acetone odor on
her breath, but no acetonuria upon admission to the local hospital. She was
treated with a CNS stimulant and awoke immediately, but complained of a severe
headache. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the day following
admission. The second case followed the first one by 1 day and was apparently
less severe. The individual fainted and convulsed at the work site but regained
consciousness immediately afterwards. At the hospital she was confused and had a
headache, but after 1 hr of observation she was allowed to return home.
Human Toxicity Excerpts :
A case study where a male patient attempted
suicide by ingesting approximately 100 ml of an adhesive cement that contained
39 percent cyclohexanone, 28% MEK, 18% acetone was presented. The individual
reportedly drank about 720 ml of sake (10 percent ethanol) 30 min prior to
drinking the adhesive solution. The patient was unconscious when taken to a
hospital about 2 hr after the ingestion of the solvent
mixture. Gastric lavage, plasma exchange, and charcoal hemoperfusion were all
performed, and the patient regained consciousness about 7 hr after ingestion;
however, signs of systemic toxicity persisted. High blood concentrations of a
cyclohexanone metabolite (cyclohexanal) were thought to be responsible for the
coma, whereas the hyperglycemia was attributed to acetone.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
The effects of the solvents
n-hexane, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and a mixture of both in the
intrapulmonary nerve system of rats were studied by light and electron
microscopy. The alteration in the fine structures of the tissues consisted in a
disseminated swelling of axons due to a striking multiplication of
neurofilaments. Nonspecific axonal alterations could be demonstrated as well.
The latter consisted in clusters of phospholipid material within the axoplasm of
nerve fibers and the cytoplasm of Schwann cells plus an accumulation of glycogen
granules in the axoplasm. Additionally, single degenerative changes of Schwann
cells were observed.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts :
Chinese hamsters were exposed to ... methyl
ethyl ketone ... known to be a strong inducer of aneuploidy in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... Solvent yielded negative
results in the micro-nucleus test.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion :
The distribution of MEK in human tissues was
examined ... in two solvent-exposed workers who died
suddenly of heart attacks at the workplace. The results of this study ...
indicate that the solubility of MEK is similar for all tissues. ... With a
blood/air partition coefficient of 202, MEK can reach equilibrium concn in a
compartment in about 3 min. Distribution volumes were 6.0 for vessel-rich
tissues, 39.6 for muscle and 12.8 for fat. Biological half-lives for the same
tissues were 0.8, 21.8 and 23.3 min, respectively.
Metabolism/Metabolites :
MEK has been identified as a minor but normal
constituent of urine ... serum and urine of diabetics ... and expired air ... .
Its production in the body has been attributed to isoleucine catabolism ...
studies ... indicate that the same metabolites are produced and excreted in
humans as in experimental animals. ... further indicated that in an inhalation
exposure to 590 mg MEK/cu m (200 ppm) the calculated areas under the curves of
blood solvent concn versus time (AUC) for MEK and
2,3-butanediol were equal, which suggests that MEK is almost completely
transformed to 2,3-butanediol. The bulk of MEK absorbed thus enters the general
metabolism and is transformed to simple compounds like carbon dioxide and water.
Biological Half-Life :
The distribution of MEK in human tissues was
examined ... in two solvent-exposed workers who died
suddenly of heart attacks at the workplace. ... Distribution volumes were 6.0
for vessel-rich tissues, 39.6 for muscle and 12.8 for fat. Biological half-lives
for the same tissues were 0.8, 21.8 and 23.3 min, respectively.
Mechanism of Action :
The effects of the solvents
n-hexane, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and a mixture of both in the
intrapulmonary nerve system of rats were studied by light and electron
microscopy. The alteration in the fine structures of the tissue consisted in a
disseminated swelling of axons due to a striking multiplication of
neurofilaments. Nonspecific axonal alterations could be demonstrated as well.
The latter consisted in clusters of phospholipid material within the axoplasm of
nerve fibers and the cytoplasm of Schwann cells plus an accumulation of glycogen
granules in the axoplasm. Additionally, single degenerative changes of Schwann
cells were observed. An enzyme associated metabolic damage with a concomitant
impairment of axonal flow is discussed as a possible underlying pathomechanism.
Interactions :
The effects of acute exposure to toluene and
methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) singly and in combination were investigated. ... The
effects of these chemicals on behavior and body burden were determined. ... MEK
had no effect on any measures. Behavior performance was not affected by the
combination of toluene and MEK. Body burden of the two solvents
was not additive. ... Neither chemical potentiated the effect of the other at
the concentrations studied.
Interactions :
... An important observation was the marked
potentiation of peripheral neurotoxicity observed when animals were exposed to
n-butyl ketone in combination with methyl ethyl ketone at a ratio of 1:5,
n-butyl ketone: methyl ethyl ketone. The latter solvent
showed no neurotoxic effect alone.
Interactions :
... found that MEK and certain other polar
aprotic solvents were strong inducers of aneuploidy in
the yeast. The induction of aneuploidy by MEK was markedly potentiated by
coexposure to ethyl acetate ... or with nocodazol ... .
Interactions :
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform
(CHCl3) and related haloalkane solvents are liver and
kidney poisons as well as central nervous depressants ... It has long been known
that the hepatotoxic action of CCl4 is potentiated by ethanol, and more recently
that the hepatic and/or renal toxicity of CCl4, CHCl3, trichloroethylene,
1,1,2-trichloroethane and related compounds is potentiated by n-hexane, ethanol,
isopropanol, acetone, MEK, MBK, 2,5-HD, and other ketones or chemicals that are
metabolized to ketones ... Even an incr of naturally occurring ketones in the
body via diabetes can precipitate potentiation. Decr the transformation of
isopropanol to acetone by the admin of an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase,
pyrazole, has reduced potentiation of haloalkane toxicity. Although the
phenomenon is referred to as haloalkane toxicity, experimental work in general
appears largely or entirely limited to chlorinated compounds, and specific
studies on MEK are limited to interactions with CCl4 and CHCl3.
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary :
Methyl ethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent
for coatings, resins, rubbers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and rubber
cements will result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams. Its use as a starting material or intermediate in the manufacture of
chemical products will also lead to its release to the environment. Methyl ethyl
ketone occurs naturally as a metabolic byproduct of plants and animals and is
released into the atmosphere by volcanoes and forest fires. Based on an
experimental vapor pressure of 91 mm Hg at 25 deg C, methyl ethyl ketone is
expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase
methyl ethyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with
photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated atmospheric
half-life of about 14 days. This compound is also expected to undergo photolysis
in the atmosphere by natural sunlight. Photochemical degradation of methyl ethyl
ketone by natural sunlight is expected to occur at approximately 1/5 the rate of
degradation by photochemically produced hydroxy radicals. Methyl ethyl ketone is
expected to have very high mobility in soils based upon measured Koc values of
29 and 34 obtained in silt loams. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is
expected based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from
moist soil surfaces is also expected based upon the measured Henry's Law
constant of 4.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mol. The volatilization half-life of methyl ethyl
ketone from silt and sandy loams was measured as 4.9 days. This compound is
expected to biodegrade under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In water, methyl
ethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids or sediment based
upon its measured Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to
be an important environmental fate process given its Henry's Law constant.
Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 and 197 hours,
respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is considered low based upon
an estimated BCF value of 1. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and
dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl ethyl ketone is
produced or used. The general population may be exposed to methyl ethyl ketone
through the use of commercially available products containing this compound such
as paints, adhesives, and rubber cements. Exposure will also arise from
inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of drinking water and food that contains
methyl ethyl ketone. (SRC)
Artificial Pollution Sources :
Methyl ethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent
for coatings, resins, rubbers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and rubber
cements(1-3) will result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams(SRC). Its use as a starting material or intermediate in the manufacture
of chemical products(2,3) will also lead to its release to the environment(SRC).
Allowable Tolerances :
Methyl ethyl ketone is exempted from the
requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent,
cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or
occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing
crops only.
RCRA Requirements :
F005; When methyl ethyl ketone is a spent solvent,
it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F005), as
stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal
hazardous waste regulations.
FIFRA Requirements :
Methyl ethyl ketone is exempted from the
requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent,
cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or
occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing
crops only.
TSCA Test Submissions :
The ability of methyl ethyl ketone to induce
morphological transformation in the BALB/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell
Transformation Assay) was evaluated both in the presence and absence of added
metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on
preliminary clonal toxicity determinations (exposure time=2 hrs), methyl ethyl
ketone, diluted with phosphate buffered saline, was tested at 18, 13 and 9ul/ml
in the absence of metabolic activation, with cell survival ranging from 93.3% to
51.1% relative to the solvent control. Assays with
metabolic activation were tested at 10, 8 and 6ul/ml (exposure time=2 hrs), with
cell survival ranging from 85.7% to 67.3%. None of the tested concentrations
produced significantly greater transformation frequencies (p > 0.05, Modified
Poisson Distribution) relative to the solvent control.
TSCA Test Submissions :
The ability of methyl ethyl ketone to induce
specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells
(Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of
Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity
tests, 10 nonactivated cultures treated with 12, 8.9, 6.7, 5.0, 3.8, 2.8, 2.1,
1.6, 1.2 and 0.89ul/ml were cloned, producing a range of 46 - 122% total growth.
Ten S9-activated cultures treated with 8.9, 6.7, 5.0, 3.8, 2.8, 2.1, 1.6, 1.2,
0.89 and 0.67ul/ml were cloned, producing a range of 30 - 116% total growth.
None of the cultures that were cloned produced mutant frequencies which were
significantly greater than the mean mutant frequency of the solvent
controls (DMSO, acetone).
TSCA Test Submissions :
The effects of methyl ethyl ketone were
examined in the rat hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay. Based on
preliminary toxicity tests, methyl ethyl ketone was tested at concentrations of
5.0 (relative toxicity 74.67%), 2.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 or 0.01 ul/ml (relative
toxicity 6.67%). None of the tested concentrations caused a significant increase
in unscheduled DNA synthesis over the solvent control (DMSO).
GLCC
RELATED TOXIC SUBSTANCES FOUND IN THE CAMP POND AND CAMP WATER WELL 2003 AND
2004
GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORPORATION AND THE PATHFINDERS CAMP