Information Dibutyl Phthalate and Solvent
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~f43B9W:1
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
CASRN: 84-74-2
Disposal Methods :
Chemical Treatability of Dibutyl
Phthalate; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical
Classification: Phthalates; Scale of Study: Batch flow, Laboratory scale; Type
of Wastewater Used: Pure compound (one solute in a solvent);
Results of Study: 100% reduction; 38% desorbed from carbon by elutriation with solvent;
(Calgon FS-300 used. Solvents included pentane-acetone,
diethyl ether, methylene chloride-acetone, chloroform-acetone, and acetone.)
Disposal Methods :
Chemical Treatability of Dibutyl
Phthalate; Concentration Process: Resin Adsorption; Chemical
Classification: Phthalates; Scale of Study: Batch flow, Laboratory Scale; Type
of Wastewater Used: Pure compound (one solute in a solvent;
Results of Study: 100% reduction; 108% desorbed from resin by elutriation with solvent.
(Amberlite XAD-2 used. Solvents included pentane-
acetone, diethyl ether, methylene chloride-acetone, chloroform-acetone, and
acetone.)
Major Uses :
PLASTICIZER IN NITROCELLULOSE LACQUERS,
ELASTOMERS, EXPLOSIVES, NAIL POLISH & SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANTS; SOLVENT
FOR PERFUME OILS; PERFUME FIXATIVE; IN TEXTILE LUBRICATING AGENT; IN SAFETY
GLASS; IN PRINTING INKS; RESIN SOLVENT; PAPER COATINGS;
IN ADHESIVES
Major Uses :
SOLVENT FOR
CHLORINATED RUBBER
Solubilities :
SOL IN MOST ORG SOLVENTS
& OILS
Other Chemical/Physical Properties :
Alkaline hydrolysis rate of
di-n-butylphthalate in a solvent water-toluene binary
mixture at 25 deg C was <3.0 x 10-8 sec -1 (NaOH concn 0.186 M).
Hazards Summary :
The major hazards encountered in the use and
handling of dibutyl phthalate stem from its toxicologic
properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact),
exposure to this colorless-to-yellow, oily liquid may occur from its use as a
plasticizer or solvent in lacquers, elastomers,
chlorinated rubbers, polyvinyl acetate, explosives, nail polish, perfumes,
resins, printing inks, paper coatings, and adhesives. Effects from exposure may
include contact burns to the skin and eyes, dermatitis, nausea, and dizziness.
Both the OSHA PEL and the ACGIH TLV have been set at 5 mg/cu m. Odor thresholds
have been found as low as 0.26 mg/cu m. Ventilation should be used to maintain
acceptable levels. In activities where over-exposure may occur, wear a
self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing. If contact should
occur, immediately flush affected skin and eyes with running water for at least
15 minutes. While dibutyl phthalate does not ignite
easily, it may burn with the production of irritating or poisonous gases. Fires
involving dibutyl phthalate may be extinguished with
dry chemical, CO2, or Halon. Standard foam or water fog, if used, should be
applied with caution, as each may cause violent frothing. Dibutyl
phthalate may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water. If small amounts
of dibutyl phthalate should spill, take up with sand or
other noncombustible absorbent and place into containers for later disposal. For
large spills, first dike far ahead of the area with soil, sand bags, foamed
polyurethane, or foamed concrete, then absorb bulk material with fly ash or
cement powder. For large spills in bodies of water, first use natural barriers
or oil spill control booms to limit spill motion, then apply detergent, soap, or
alcohols to thicken material. Apply "universal" gelling agent and
remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, apply activated
charcoal, and use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses.
Before implementing land disposal of waste dibutyl phthalate, consult
with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance. Also, dibutyl
phthalate is a good candidate for liquid injection, rotary kiln, and
fluidized bed forms of incineration.
Disposal Methods :
Dibutylphthalate may be disposed of: 1) By
adsorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material and disposing
in a secured sanitary landfill. 2) By atomizing in a suitable combustion
chamber. Combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.
Recommendable methods: Adsorption, landfill & incineration.
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary :
Dibutyl phthalate's production
and use as a plasticizer, solvent for resins, fuel
propellant and insect repellent has lead to its release to the environment
through various waste streams. Based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.01X10-5
mm Hg at 25 deg C, dibutyl phthalate is expected to
exist in both the vapor and particulate-phase in the ambient atmosphere.
Vapor-phase dibutyl phthalate is degraded in the
atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an
atmospheric half-life of about 42 hours. Particulate-phase dibutyl
phthalate is removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Dibutyl
phthalate is expected to have low mobility in soil based upon a measured
log Koc value of 3.14. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected
based upon the vapor pressure of this compound. Volatilization from moist soil
surfaces is expected based upon the measured Henry's Law constant of 4.5X10-6
atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation of dibutyl phthalate is
expected to occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions based upon
numerous screening and river die-away tests. In water, dibutyl
phthalate is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter given
its measured Koc value. This compound is expected to volatilize from water
surfaces given its experimental Henry's Law constant. Estimated half-lives for a
model river and model lake are 14 and 105 days respectively. Hydrolysis may be
an important environmental fate for this compound based upon an estimated
hydrolysis half-life of 125 days at pH 8. The potential for bioconcentration in
aquatic organisms is considered low to moderate based upon experimental BCF
values in the range of 12 to 117 measured in oysters, shrimp and fish.
Occupational exposure may be through inhalation of dusts and dermal contact with
this compound at workplaces where dibutyl phthalate is
produced or used. The general population will be exposed to dibutyl
phthalate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking
water, and dermal contact with products containing dibutyl
phthalate. (SRC)
Artificial Pollution Sources :
Dibutyl phthalate's production
and use as a plasticizer(1), solvent for resins(1),
fuel propellant(1) and insect repellent(2) may lead to its release to the
environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Analytic Laboratory Methods :
EPA Method 8060: Phthalate Esters This method
provides gas chromatographic conditions for the detection of ppb levels. A 2 to
5 ug aliquot of the extract is injected into a gas chromatograph using the solvent
flush technique, and compounds in the gas chromatograph effluent are detected by
an electron capture detector or a flame ionization detector. Ground water
samples should be determined by electron capture detector. For dibutyl
phthalate, the method detection limit for electron capture detector is
0.36 ug/l and for flame ionization detector is 14 ug/l, the average recovery
range for four measurements is 10.3-29.6 ug/l, and the limit for the standard
deviation is 8.9 ug/l.
TSCA Test Submissions :
The ability of di-n-butyl
phthalate to induce specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured
L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in
the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S-9 metabolic activation.
Based on preliminary toxicity tests, 10 nonactivated cultures treated in
duplicate with 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60nl/ml were cloned, producing a range of 85.4
- 18.5% relative growth. Ten S-9 activated cultures treated in duplicate with
12.5, 50, 75, 100 and 150nl/ml were cloned, producing a range of 120.6 - 7.0%
relative growth. None of the nonactivated cultures produced mutant frequencies
significantly greater than the solvent control (acetone). Activated cultures
treated above 12.5nl/ml produced mutant frequencies significantly greater than
the solvent control.
TSCA Test Submissions :
The toxicity of di-n-butyl
phthalate was evaluated in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line in the
presence and absence of rat liver S9 metabolic activation. All cultures were
treated in duplicate with concentrations of 9.77, 19.50, 39.10, 78.10, 156.00,
313.00, 625.00, 1250.00, 2500.00 or 5000.00nl/ml, and growth was determined at
24 and 48 hours after initiation of the treatment. Under nonactivated
conditions, di-n-butyl phthalate was soluble up to 5000nl/ml, and treatments at
78.10nl/ml were highly toxic (5.4% of average solvent (acetone) control
suspension growth). Treatments at 156nl/ml were lethal to nonactivated cultures.
Assays with metabolic activation appeared to be soluble at 5000nl/ml, but after
24 hours a precipitate was observed. Activated treatments at 1250nl/ml were
lethal, and at 625nl/ml and 313nl/ml were highly toxic (less than 9% relative
suspension growth).
GLCC RELATED TOXIC SUBSTANCES
FOUND IN THE CAMP POND
AND CAMP WATER WELL
2003 AND 2004